菌渣部分替代草炭对樱桃番茄生长及养分吸收的影响研究

为在大规模基质栽培中高效利用草炭资源，开展了菌渣部分替代草炭的栽培基质对樱桃番茄生长、产量及养分吸收的影响。利用充分腐熟的菌渣部分替代栽培基质中的草炭，以草炭和蛭石(2:1，V:V)为对照，进行田间试验，研究添加不同比例菌渣的栽培基质理化性状，及其对樱桃番茄生长、产量及养分吸收的影响。结果表明，不同比例菌渣替代草炭混配基质，其基质容重、孔隙度和pH均在理想基质要求范围之内，和对照相比，添加草炭后，基质碱解氮含量降低，钾元素含量升高，较高比例的菌渣复合基质导致樱桃番茄叶绿素含量降低，产量下降，而适宜比例的菌渣复合基质适宜樱桃番茄生长。T₁（草炭:菇渣:蛭石:珍珠岩=3:3:3:1）处理适宜樱桃番茄生长，产量与对照差异不显著，果实品质好。适宜比例的腐熟菌渣替代草炭，既能保证樱桃番茄产量、品质，又能降低基质配制成本。

Study on Compound Substrate Properties with Spent Mushroom Compost andEffects on Cherry Tomato Growth

The purpose was to study the optimum composition ratio of compound substrate with spent mushroom compound, peat, vermiculite, and perlite. With internationally best formula substrate (peat: vermiculite=2:1) used for CK, spent mushroom compound and peat were matched according to different proportions to get different substrates, physical and chemical nutrient properties were measured and effects on growth and nutrient uptake were investigated. The results showed that the bulk density, porosity and the pH of the compound substrates were all in the ideal condition. Compared with control, compound substrate including spent mushroom compost had lower available nitrogen and higher potassium content. However, compound substrates with high ratio of spent mushroom compound would lead to lower chlorophyll content and production. Appropriate proportion of spent mushroom compound was suitable for cherry tomato planting. The most suitable substrate was treatment 1(peat: mushroom: vermiculite: perlite =3:3:3:1), which had the best fruit quality. Appropriate proportion of spent mushroom compound and peat could get equal yield and fruit quantity, moreover, reduce the production cost.