GIS支持下的商南县小麦生态适宜性评价及种植区划

小麦是陕西省商南县重要的粮食作物,进行该区域小麦种植区划,对因地制宜种植小麦、优化区域布局有重要意义。利用GIS技术、县域耕地资源管理信息系统和层次分析法,对商南县小麦种植进行了生态适宜性评价。用专家经验法筛选各生态因子评价指标,建立了商南县小麦生态适宜性评价指标体系;将层次分析法和模糊评价法运用于各指标权重的定量计算,采用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS9.3的叠加分析功能,得到商南县小麦种植生态适宜性评价图。结果表明:高度适宜小麦种植的农田有8323.97 hm~2,占耕地面积的33.50%,适宜的有10557.46 hm~2,占耕地面积的42.49%,这两类耕地主要分布于本区域的浅山与丘陵地带,占总耕地面积的75%以上,是商南县耕地的主体;同时,本区域内余下的耕地主要分布在中山地貌区,包括勉强适宜小麦种植、不适宜耕作的耕地两种,分别有4423.41 hm~2和1543.43 hm~2,仅占耕地总面积的17.80%和6.21%。因此,通过对商南县小麦种植环境的统计和分析,总结了当地生态适应度分布的规律并绘制了空间分布图,从而为商南县在进行小麦或同类作物种植时,进行合理布局与规划提供科学依据。

Ecological Suitability Evaluation and Planting Division of Wheat in Shangnan under GIS Support

Abstract: Wheat is an important food crop in Shangnan county of Shaanxi province. Therefore wheat planting with reasonable area distribution is very meaningful to wheat growing and optimization of regional layout. In order to do the ecological suitability assessment of wheat planting in Shangnan.GIS technology, county cultivated land resources management information system and analytic hierarchy process are utilized. By using the expert experience method of screening evaluation indexes of ecological factors, Shangnan wheat ecological suitability evaluation index system are successfully established. Application of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy evaluation method to the quantitative calculation of index weight, as well as the geographic information system software ArcGIS9.3 superposition analysis function can lead to the Shangnan wheat ecological suitability assessment. Results show that the highly suitable area and appropriate area for wheat farmland is 8323.97 hm2, accounting for 33.50% .And 10557.46 hm2, accounting for 42.49% of the arable land area, respectively. These two types of cultivated land is mainly distributed in the area of shallow mountain and hilly terrain, accounting for more than 75% of the total arable land area, is the main part of cultivated land in Shangnan. At the same time, the rest of the cultivated land in this area are mainly distributed in zhongshan landscape area, including barely suitable for wheat and not suitable for farming land, that is 4423.41 hm2 and 1543.43 hm2, only accounting for 17.80% and 6.21% of the total area of arable land, respectively. The local ecological fitness distribution regularity and spatial distribution are therefore summarized and planned through the statistics and analysis on Shangnan wheat planting environment. Thus providing a scientific basis for rational layout and planning in Shangnan during wheat or similar crop planting management.