壳聚糖复合膜农药剂型的应用研究

摘 要：壳聚糖具有成膜性、抗菌性及无毒无害等多种优良性能，以壳聚糖（CTS）为主要成膜材料，并辅以月桂酸钠改性的纳米TiO2，制备了一种新型安全无毒的涂膜剂壳聚糖/纳米TiO2复合涂膜，与农药（P）原药混合后，制得壳聚糖/纳米TiO2/农药复合膜剂型（CTS-TiO2-P）。分别用配置好的P(对照)，壳聚糖/农药（CTS-P）及CTS-TiO2-P溶液喷施农作物，用GC-FPD(气相色谱-火焰光度检测器)对三种溶液喷施后在植株上的农药残留量动态情况进行了检测和比较，试验结果表明：当溶液中农药的质量分数为0.04%，复合膜溶液中壳聚糖的质量分数为2%，纳米TiO2质量分数为0.03%时，复合膜剂型农药在植株上的长效性比单纯农药的长效性明显提高，而且添加了纳米TiO2的复合膜农药效果优于单纯的壳聚糖/农药复合膜，药效持续时间由45天延长到90天以上，这样可以减少农药的施药次数；同时，在达到相同的杀虫效果的条件下，可以节约1/2的农药用量，这对减少农药资源的浪费、降低生产成本及防治环境污染具有较好的作用。

Application Research of Chitosan Pesticide Composite Films

Chitosan has many excellent properties such as film-forming, non-toxic, antibacterial, choosing chitosan as the main film-forming material, supplemented nano-TiO2 modified by Sodium Laurate, prepared a new type of safe, non-toxic film called CTS-TiO2 composite film, then mixed with Pesticide （P） prepared a composite film called CTS-TiO2-P, the crops were sprayed by the prepared solution P（contrast）, CTS-P and CTS-TiO2-P separately, the dynamic test results of CTS-TiO2-P, CTS-P, P on plant were detected and compared by GC-FPD. The results showed that when the ratio of P, chitosan and TiO2 was 0.04%,2 %,0.03% separately, the long-term effects of pesticide compound membrane were significantly longer than that of the pure pesticide, composite membrane pesticide formulations added nano-TiO2 were superior to CTS-P composite membrane, the efficacy of composite membrane pesticide formulations extended from 45 d to 90 d and above. Meanwhile, at the condition of reaching the same effect of killing inserts, pesticide usage can be saved 1/2, it has better effect to reduce the waste of pesticide resources, production costs and to prevent and control environmental pollution.