不同灌水方式对水稻生育特性及水分利用率的影响

以冈优527、D优363、汕优63为材料,设4个不同水分灌溉方式,研究了不同灌溉方式下水稻生育特性、产量和水分利用率。结果表明:与淹水灌溉相比,湿润灌溉(前期) 浅水灌溉(孕穗期) 干湿交替灌溉(抽穗-成熟期)的灌溉方式,可促进叶片和根系生长,剑叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率高,有利于干物质积累;植株生理活动旺盛;其有效穗、结实率、千粒重、产量和水分利用率均高于淹水灌溉。湿润灌溉有利于根系生长,延缓根系和叶的衰老;产量和水分利用率比淹水灌溉略高。旱种抑制水稻根系生长和地上部干物质积累,产量和水分利用率比淹水灌溉显著降低。因此,湿润灌溉(前期) 浅水灌溉(孕穗期) 干湿交替灌溉(抽穗-成熟期)的灌溉方式更有利于稻株生长发育、产量和水分利用率的提高。冈优527、D优363的水分利用率显著高于汕优63。

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Growth and Development Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency in Paddy Rice

The growth and development characteristics, grain yield and water use efficiency were studied under four different irrigation methods with three paddy rice of Gangyou 527, Di you 363 and Shanyou 63. The results showed that the growth of leaf and root increased under the method B (controlled damp irrigation before booting stage, rational irrigation at booting stage, wetting-drying alternation irrigation from heading stage to mature stage.) Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in flag leaf, dry matter accumulation, the effective panicles, seed setting, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and water use efficiency were higher under the method B than those of submerged irrigation. Under controlled damp irrigation, the growth of root increased, but the senescence of leaf and root was slower than those of submerged irrigation. The grain yield and water use efficiency were slight higher under controlled damp irrigation than those of submerged irrigation. Compared with submerged irrigation, the growth of root, accumulation of above-ground dry matter, grain yield and water use efficiency were decreased significantly under dry cultivation. It was suggested that the method B was favorable to the growth and development of paddy rice and the enhancement of grain yield and water use efficiency. The water use efficiency of Gangyou 527 and Di you 363 were significantly higher than that of Shanyou 63.