棉花产量和纤维品质性状的遗传研究

 采用8×8不完全双列杂交分析法，对棉花产量因素、纤维品质性状的遗传效应及其遗传相关进行了研究分析，并将遗传相关分解为加性相关和显性相关。结果表明，在棉花产量因素中，皮棉产量和单株结铃数的遗传分别以加性效应、显性效应为主，而加性效应、显性效应对铃重和衣分的控制同等重要。其中，衣分受环境变异的影响最小。所以，在F₂～F₃代进行选择的效果较好；在品质性状中，纤维长度、比强度及麦克隆值的遗传均以加性效应为主，受环境变异影响均较大。棉花产量因素与品质性状之间的相关普遍表现为遗传相关大于表型相关，各性状之间的表型相关、遗传相关及加性相关类似，而显性相关则不同。遗传相关特别是加性相关可以指导选择育种，而显性相关对杂种优势的利用至关重要。

The Inheritance of Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality Characters

The cotton yield factors, the hereditary effect of cotton fiber quality and the genetic correlation were studied using the incomplete diallel analysis (8×8), and the genetic correlation was divided into addictive correlation and dominant correlation. The results showed among cotton yield factors, the inheritance of lint yield and boll numbers per plant were mainly controlled by addictive effect and dominant effect, and the addictive effect and dominant effect of inheritance for boll weight and lint were equally important as well. The effect of environment variance on lint was the least, so it was better to take breeding selection in the population of F₂~F₃ generations. As for the characters of cotton fiber quality, the inheritance of fibre length, specific tenacity and micronaire value were mainly controlled by addictive effect. The effect of environment variance on them above-mentioned were all bigger. The correlation between cotton yield factors and fiber quality characters generally showed that genotypical correlation was bigger than phenotypical correlation. The nature of phenotypical correlation, genotypical correlation and addictive correlation for each character was similar, however, it was different for dominant correlation. It was concluded that genotypical correlation, especially addictive correlation, could assist cotton breeding, while dominant correlation was very important to utilize the hybrid vigor.