不同肥力滨海盐土对棉花生长发育和生理特性的影响

以高肥力非盐土和高、低肥力滨海盐土盆栽棉花,研究了盐渍土肥力和盐分对棉花生长发育与生理特性的影响.结果表明,低肥力盐土种植的棉花,在出苗速率、株高增长、叶面积扩展、干物质积累、叶绿素含量和光合速率等方面显著低于高肥力非盐土(对照)的棉花,其中干物质积累和子棉产量分别比对照降低31.7%和20.7%;而低肥力盐土比高肥力盐土种植棉花的干物重和子棉产量则分别降低20.6%和11.8%,说明低肥力盐碱地棉花光合和产量的降低是养分缺乏和盐分胁迫的共同作用.降低土壤盐分含量,不断培肥地力是提高滨海盐渍土棉花产量的重要途径.

Effects of Coastal Saline Soils with Different Fertility on Plant Growth and Development as well as Physiological Characteristics in Cotton

Inland non-saline soil with high fertility and saline soils with low or high fertility were potted to cultivate cotton plants outdoors.Effects of both fertility and salinity of these soils on plant growth and physiological characteristics in cotton were examined.The results showed that seedling emergence,plant height,leaf expansion,dry matter accumulation,content of leaf chlorophyll and net leaf photosynthetic rate of cotton plants grown in saline soil with low-fertility(SL soil) were significantly inhibited relative to those in inland soil with high fertility(IH soil).Dry biomass and seed cotton yield of plants in SL soil decreased by 31.7% and 20.7%,while those of plants in the saline soil with high fertility(SH soil) decreased by 20.6% and 11.8%,compared with those in IH soil,respectively.It is suggested that inhibited photosynthesis and seed cotton yield are attributed to both salinity and nutrient deficiency in SL soil.Soil salinity significantly decreased the ratio of root to canopy,which can not be fully solved by increasing soil fertility alone.It is concluded that decreasing soil salinity and improving soil fertility are essential pathways to enhance cotton production in coastal saline soils.