棉花种质资源收集鉴定与创新利用

十二五期间通过对我国西南地区、南海诸岛、及国外野生棉起源中心实地考察和广泛征集,新收集国内外棉花种质资源1220份,其中陆地棉986份、海岛棉176份、亚洲棉58份,所收集种质均已入国家中期库保存。收集的棉花种质资源分别在河南安阳、海南三亚、新疆阿拉尔进行主要农艺经济性状鉴定和特性鉴定。通过SSR(Simple sequence repeat)分子标记、重测序等技术对收集到的种质进行了分子鉴定,筛选到大量与纤维品质、抗黄萎病、抗旱、抗草甘膦显著关联的基因。在收集保存的种质资源基础上,通过辐射诱变、远缘杂交、复合杂交创造出优质、高产、抗逆等优异种质资源。通过展示向全国科研院所及公司发放棉花种质19 191份次。

Collection,Evaluation and Utilization of Cotton Germplasm

During the 12th Five-Year-Plan period,1220 cotton accessions including 986 Gossypium hirsutum L.accessions,176 G.barbadense L.accessions and 58 G.aboreum L.accessions were collected through exploring in the southwest China,islands of South China Sea,and foreign origin center of wild cotton.All the accessions have been preserved in the National Medium-term Gene Bank of Cotton in China.Evaluation of main agronomic traits were carried out in the fields and labs of Anyang,Sanya and Alaer.SSR markers and resequencing were used to evaluate these collected accessions.Abundant of genes were found to be associated with the fiber quality,verticillium wilt resistance,drought tolerance and glyphosate-resistance.New accessions with high yield,excellent fiber quality and stress resistance,were also developed through radiation mutation,interspecific and multiple hybridization.All the accessions were totally released 19 191 times to the researchers in the colleges,institutes and companies after field display.