我国棉田残膜污染危害与治理措施研究进展

地膜覆盖技术的应用为我国棉花产量提升做出重大贡献。但随着聚乙烯地膜的长期使用,土壤残膜污染问题日益突出,影响棉田土壤环境和棉花可持续发展。综述了我国棉田地膜残留现状、分布特征及其对棉花生长的危害,从土壤结构变化、水分迁移状况、有害物质释放、土壤物质代谢、微生物种群结构等方面系统总结了棉田残膜污染的危害机制,归纳了现阶段我国棉田残膜污染防控技术的研究进展及优势与不足,并对残膜污染防控策略及发展趋势进行了展望,为我国棉田残膜污染治理技术的研究提供科学参考。

Research progress on pollution hazards and prevention measures of residual film in cotton field in China

The application of film mulching technology has made a great contribution to the improvement of cotton yield in China. However, with the long-term use of the PE(Polyethylene) film, the soil residual film pollution was more and more serious, which is becoming a great threat to the soil environment and sustainable production of cotton. In this paper, the present situation, distribution characteristics, and harm of plastic film residue to cotton growth in cotton field were summarized. The damage mechanisms of residual film pollution were systematically summed up from the aspects of soil structure change, water migration, release of harmful substances, soil material metabolism and microbial population structure. And the research progress, advantages and disadvantages of residual film prevention technology were also reviewed. Furthermore, the strategy and development trend of residual film prevention and control technology were proposed, which provided a scientific reference for the researchers on the control technology of cotton residual film pollution in China.