山东棉花覆盖栽培的节水增产效应研究

通过普通地膜覆盖、小麦秸秆覆盖、地膜+秸秆覆盖及露地对照4种处理对山东棉区棉田土壤物理性状、棉花产量影响的分析。结果表明:覆盖栽培能改善土壤物理性状;表现在降低土壤容重、调节土壤温、湿度、提高土壤水分利用率(秸秆覆盖处理较对照增加18.1％～21.4％);秸秆覆盖能增加土壤养分含量,特别是速效钾含量;在棉花生长后期,提高叶面积指数,延长叶片功能期,保持棉株的光合能力从而防止棉花早衰,增加铃重,提高棉花产量(覆盖处理较对照增产7.6％～20.9％)。

Study on the Water-saving and Yield-increasing Effects of Cotton Mulch Cultivation in Shandong

Effect of mulching cultivation on soil physical properties and yield components of cot ton were studied by using experiments with plastic film, wheat straw, plastic film plus wheat straw and no-mulching. The results indicated that mulching cultivation improved soil physical properties improved reduced soil bulk density regulating soil temperature and soil moisture, harmonizing utilization synchronization of water and heat resource and increased soil water use efficiency by mulching cultivation (Straw mulching increased soil water use efficiency18.1%-21.4% ). Straw mulching can increase soil nu- trient contents , especially available K. In cotton growth anaphase, straw mulching can increase leaf area index and extend leaf function period, increase cotton plant photosynthesis and prevent cotton from pre-mature senescence, increase boll weight and cotton yield(Mulching cultivation increased seed cotton yield by 7. 6%-20. 9%)