贵州不同地区高粱种质资源表型多样性与聚类分析

对贵州地区220份高粱种质资源进行了多样性和聚类分析。结果表明：籽粒包被度、壳色和粒色分布较分散,穗形、穗柄状态和穗型频率分布较集中,侧散（伞）类型居多;生育期、有效分蘖数、节间数、株高、茎粗、穗长、穗柄长、穗粒重和千粒重均存在较大变异,变异系数为8.36%~37.46%,各性状多样性指数均较大,平均为2.00;从区域来看,黔东南地区种质变异系数和多样性指数均最高,分别为28.56%和1.52;相关分析结果显示,部分数值型性状间存在显著的相关性;聚类分析将220份高粱种质分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ包含211份种质,表现为侧散（伞）穗、生育期短、分蘖力强、穗长和穗粒重小等特点,可作为中早熟侧散型高粱育种的基础材料;类群Ⅱ包含8份种质,主要表现为周散（伞）穗、穗柄直等特点,可用作帚用高粱材料的改良亲本;类群Ⅲ仅含1份种质,主要表现为棒形紧穗、生育期长、分蘖力弱、节间数多、植株高大粗壮、主穗短、穗柄长和穗粒重大等特点,可作为能源用高粱种质创新。

Phenotypic Diversity and Clustering Analysis of Sorghum Germplasm Resources in Different Regions of Guizhou Province

A panel of 220 sorghum germplasms were taken from Guizhou Province for disversity analysis and clustering of these germplasms. The results showed that frequency distributions of biological traits such as grain covering, shell color, grain color were dispersed; panicle shape, panicle stem status, panicle type distributed more convergent, most varieties were lateral dispersion (umbrella) type. The whole growth period, effective tillers, internode number, plant height, stem diameter, panicle length, panicle stem length, grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight had greater coefficients of variability, ranging from 8.36% to 37.46%. All agronomic traits tested, showed significant diversity indexes, with an average of 2.00. The variation coefficient and diversity index were the highest in southeast Guizhou Province, which were 28.56% and 1.52, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlation among some numerical characteristics. According to the cluster analysis, 220 sorghum germplasm resources in Guizhou were divided into three groups. The groupⅠcontained 211 germplasm resources, which showed lateral dispersion (umbrella shape) panicles, short growth period, strong tillering ability, small panicle length and panicle grain weight, could be used as the basic materials for sorghum early mature breeding. The groupⅡcontained eight germplasm resources, which were mainly characterized by periphery dispersion (umbrella shape) panicles, straight panicle stem, could be used as parent materials for broom sorghum. The groupⅢcontained only one germplasm resource, which was mainly characterized by rod-shaped tight panicle, long growth period, weak tillering ability, large internode number, tall and strong plants, short panicle, long panicle stem, large panicle grain weight that could play an essential role in sorghum germplasm innovation.