红花双列杂交后代羟基黄色素A含量的遗传效应分析

选用6个羟基红花黄色素A（HSYA）含量差异较大的亲本,采用双列杂交方法配制杂交组合,测定2015年和2016年2年亲本及其后代F₁和F₂红花中的HSYA含量。运用双子叶植物种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析胚、细胞质和母体植株3套遗传体系的基因效应和环境互作效应。结果发现：在HSYA含量的遗传体系中,母体遗传效应影响最大,胚效应次之,细胞质效应影响最小。3套遗传体系均表现出基因主效应大于环境互作效应。机误方差较大,说明HSYA含量还受环境机误或抽样误差的影响。亲本遗传效应分析表明,豫红花1号（P₁）做亲本表现稳定,有利于增加杂交后代HSYA含量,达到提高品质、改良品种的效果。胚显性方差和母体显性方差均达到极显著水平,表明同时存在种子杂种优势和母体杂种优势,而且其主效应基因不受环境影响。综合考虑遗传主效应、胚显性效应和母体显性效应,亲本组合（P₁×P₅）有利于提高后代杂交品种的HSYA含量。该研究结果可为后代材料在杂种优势利用中的亲本选择提供理论支持。

Genetic Analysis of Hydroxy Safflor Yellow A Content of Cross Combinations after Diallel Crossing in Carthamus tinctorius L.

Six Carthamus tinctorius L. cultivars with great difference in hydroxy safflor yellow A (HSYA) content were used as parents to make incomplete diallel crossing in accordance with the Griffing method Ⅱ to study the genetics of HSYA content in Carthamus tinctorius L. using a full genetic model for quantitative traits of seed for diploid plant. Analysis of diploid embryo, cytoplasm and diploid maternal genetic effects, their GE interaction effects for Carthamus tinctorius L. quality traits, and the genetic correlation among quality traits were conducted by using 2015 and 2016 data. The genetic relationship between Carthamus tinctorius L. quality traits were also analyzed by using a mixed model approaches, which could estimate the genetic covariances between two traits with unequal design matrices. The values of parents were also analyzed in this experiment. The results showed that HSYA content in Carthamus tinctorius L. was mainly controlled by maternal and embryogenic effects, followed by cytoplasmic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on HSYA content traits were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on HSYA from residual were easily changed by environmental conditions. The analysis of genetic effect of parents showed that the performance of parental Yuhonghua1hao (P₁) was relative more stable. It is beneficial to increase the content of HSYA in hybrid progeny and improve the effect of quality improvement. Both Embryo and maternal dominant variance were highly significant, and it implied that there were both seed heterosis and maternal heterosis, while the main genetic effects were not affected by environmental factors. Comprehensive consideration of main genetic effect, embryogenic dominance and maternal dominance, parental combination (P₁×P₅) was beneficial to increase the content of hydroxy safflor yellow A in the progeny of hybrid varieties. The above results provide theoretical support for parental selection in heterosis utilization.