耕作和秸秆还田方式对玉米产量及钾素积累转运的影响

通过探究秸秆还田方式对玉米产量及钾素积累转运的影响,为制定玉米秸秆还田配套的合理耕作方式提供参考。以玉米品种合众11为试验材料,在东北农业大学向阳试验基地进行了两年田间小区定位试验,采用土壤耕作方式与秸秆还田相结合的方法,设置免耕+秸秆还田、免耕+秸秆不还田、旋耕+秸秆还田、旋耕+秸秆不还田、翻耕+秸秆还田、翻耕+秸秆不还田6个处理,测定并分析玉米产量及相关因子、钾积累量、钾转运量及利用效率。与免耕相比,翻耕和旋耕的玉米产量、钾积累量及利用效率均显著提高。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田处理显著提高了玉米产量、钾积累量。耕作方式与秸秆还田对各指标存在显著交互作用。与免耕+秸秆不还田处理相比,翻耕+秸秆还田和旋耕+秸秆还田显著提高产量和钾积累量与利用效率。在6种耕作模式中,翻耕+秸秆还田处理的产量和钾素积累量最高,2016年产量翻耕+秸秆还田较免耕不还田提高了32.19%,2017年提高了23.30%。钾素积累量2016年抽雄期、成熟期翻耕+秸秆还田较免耕不还田分别提高了19.86%、14.15%,2017年抽雄期、成熟期翻耕+秸秆还田较免耕不还田分别提高了40.75%、20.03%,且与免耕+秸秆不还田存在显著性差异,表明翻耕结合秸秆还田有利于产量和钾素积累利用的提高。因此,在本试验条件下,在秸秆还田的基础上翻耕是适宜的耕作方式。

Effects of Tillage and Straw Returning Methods on Maize Yield and Potassium Accumulation and Transport

To explore the effects of straw returning on maize yield and potassium accumulation and transport, and then to provide reference for the development of maize stalk returning and rational tillage, a two-year field plot experiment was conducted at the Xiangyang Experimental Base of Northeast Agricultural University. The maize variety Hezhong 11 was used as the experimental material. The method of combining soil tillage with straw returning was used to set 6 treatments: no-tillage+straw returning farmland, no-tillage+no straw returning, rotary tillage+straw returning, rotary tillage+no straw returning, tillage+straw returning, tillage+no straw returning. Maize yield and related factors, potassium accumulation, potassium transport capacity and utilization efficiency were obtained and analyzed. Compared with no-tillage, maize yield, potassium accumulation and utilization efficiency of tillage and rotary tillage were significantly improved. Compared with no straw returning, straw returning treatment significantly increased maize yield, potassium accumulation. Farming methods and straw returning had significant interactions with each indicator. Compared with no-tillage and no straw returning treatments, tillage+straw returning and rotary tillage+straw returning significantly increased yield and potassium accumulation and utilization efficiency. Among these farming models, the yield and potassium accumulation of tillage+straw returning were the highest. In 2016, the yield of tillage+straw returning increased by 32.19% compared with no-tillage and no straw treatment, and increased by 23.30% in 2017. The potassium accumulation of tillage+straw returning in the tasseling and the mature period increased by 19.86% and 14.15% in 2016, respectively, compared with no-tillage and returning to the field, and increased by 40.75% and 20.03% in 2017. There was a significant difference between no-tillage+no straw returning and tillage+straw returning, which indicated that the combination of tillage and straw returning was beneficial to the increase of yield and potassium accumulation and utilization. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, tillage based on the straw returning is a suitable farming method.