追氮量对不同筋型小麦品种产量及农艺性状的调控效应

试验于2016-2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行，以强筋小麦藁优2018和师栾02-1，中筋小麦中麦8号和中麦175，弱筋小麦扬麦22和扬麦15为试验材料，设置拔节期追氮量75、105和135kg/hm²处理，探究追氮量对不同筋型小麦产量及农艺性状的调控效应。播种前底施纯磷135kg/hm²、纯氮105kg/hm²。结果表明，增加追氮量可以促进拔节期两极分化，减少无效分蘖，提高成穗数，其中对强筋小麦的影响大于对中筋和弱筋小麦的影响。在75～135kg/hm²范围内增加追氮量可提高各品种的叶面积指数(LAI)，减缓开花到灌浆期间LAI的下降速度，对中筋小麦的效果最明显。小麦株高、穗长和结实小穗数均以追氮量135kg/hm²最高，不孕小穗数则随着追氮量增加显著减少。在追氮量75～135kg/hm²范围内，各筋型小麦品种籽粒产量、成穗数、穗粒数及千粒重均随追氮量的增加而显著提高，以追氮量135kg/hm²最高。

Effects of Topdressing Nitrogen Amount on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Different Gluten Type Wheat Cultivars

In order to study the nitrogen regulating effects on yield and agronomic traits of different gluten wheat cultivars, three topdressing nitrogen amounts of 75, 105, and 135kg/ha were set in Beijing experimental base of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2016-2017. The tested materials were strong gluten (Gaoyou 2018 and Shiluan 02-1), medium gluten (Zhongmai 8 and Zhongmai 175) and weak gluten (Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 15) cultivars. Nitrogen fertilizer 105kg/ha and phosphorus fertilizer (135kg/ha) were applied as base fertilizers. The results showed that increasing the amount of topdressing nitrogen could promote polarization at jointing stage, reduce ineffective tillering, and increase the number of spikes, and the effects on strong gluten cultivars was greater than that of medium and weak gluten cultivars. Increasing the amount of topdressing nitrogen in the range of 75-135kg/ha could improve the leaf area indexes of all cultivars, slow down the decline rate of leaf area index from flowering to grain filling stage, and the effects on medium gluten cultivars was the most obvious. The plant height, spike length and the number of bearing spikelets were the highest under nitrogen topdressing at 135kg/ha, while the number of sterile spikelets decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application. In the range of 75-135kg/ha, the grain yield, the number of spikes, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of each gluten-type cultivar increased significantly with the increase of topdressing nitrogen, and 135kg/ha treatment was the highest.