基于GGE双标图的高粱品种农艺性状和稳产性分析

为了筛选丰产稳产、适应性强的高粱新品种，促进辽西地区高粱产业健康可持续发展。2019-2020年采用随机不完全区组设计（alpha-格子设计），通过R语言GGE双标图分析了30个高粱品种的产量和相关农艺性状。方差分析表明，年份、基因型、基因型与年份互作对高粱产量和相关农艺性状均有显著影响（P<0.05），其产量变异的平方和占总平方和的比例分别为32.1%、41.3%和11.3%，基因型效应对产量和相关农艺性状的变异贡献率最大，株高和穗长指标遗传力较大。GGE双标图分析表明，辽杂19号、平试13和济粱2丰产稳产性较好；辽杂19号和平试13在株高、产量、穗重和穗粒重方面综合性状表现较好；辽杂19号距离“理想品种”最近，其次为平试13。皮尔逊相关分析表明，高粱籽粒产量与株高、穗重、穗粒重和穗粒数均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。从参试品种看，辽西半干旱地区高秆品种比矮秆品种更具产量优势。在朝阳地区，辽杂19号、平试13和济粱2具有较高的产量和稳定性。在特定生态区域，基因型是产量和相关农艺性状差异的主要因素。

Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Yield Stability of Sorghum Varieties Based on GGE Biplot

In order to screen new sorghum varieties with high and stable yield and high adaptability, and promote the sustainable development of sorghum industry in the western Liaoning, the yield and agronomic traits of 30 sorghum cultivars were analyzed by GGE biplot in R language using a random incomplete block design (alpha- lattice design) with three replicates from 2019 to 2020. The analysis of variance showed that year, genotype, and interaction between genotype and year had significant effects on sorghum yield and related agronomic traits (P<0.05), and the proportion of the sum of squares of yield variation to the total sum of squares was 32.1%, 41.3% and 11.3%, respectively. Genotype had the greatest contribution to yield and related agronomic characteristics. The genotypic effects of plant height and spike length were higher. GGE biplot showed that Liaoza 19, Pingshi 13 and Jiliang 2 had better high and stable yield. Liaoza 19 and Pingshi 13 had better comprehensive traits in plant height, yield, spike weight and grain weight per spike. Liaoza 19 was the closest to the “ideal variety”, followed by Pingshi 13. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the grain yield of sorghum was positively correlated with plant height, spike weight, grain weight per spike and kernels number per spike (P<0.01). Based on the tested varieties, the high-stalk varieties had more yield advantages than the low-stalk varieties. Liaoza 19, Pingshi 13 and Jiliang 2 had better performance both in yield and its stability in Chaoyang area. In a specific ecological region, genotype was the main factor affecting the difference of yield and related agronomic traits.