不同土壤表面结构对小麦生长发育及产量的影响

为明确不同土壤表面结构对小麦生长发育的影响,通过人工筛土配置8个等级（Ⅰ~Ⅷ）土壤表面结构,分析土壤表面结构对小麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,在等级Ⅰ~Ⅲ的土壤表面结构下,密播时产量分别为6718.54、7375.04和8109.96kg/hm²,疏播时产量分别为5997.34、6822.02和7789.55kg/hm²,均匀播种时产量分别为7267.31、7933.88和8570.04kg/hm²,说明过密或过疏播种均不利于小麦产量的形成,均匀播种有利于小麦高产高效群体的构建,产量最高。在等级Ⅳ~Ⅷ的土壤表面结构下,密播有利于小麦高产,疏播条件下小麦产量最低。根系活力、总茎蘖数、叶面积指数、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）和氮素积累量等指标在等级Ⅲ和Ⅳ的土壤表面结构下表现较好。根系总长度、株高和单株干物质重等指标在等级Ⅲ~Ⅳ的土壤表面结构下表现较好。与其他等级耕地表面结构相比,根活力、根系形态、群体质量指标和产量等数据表明等级Ⅲ~Ⅳ的耕地表面结构有利于小麦生长发育,同时为构建高产高效群体奠定基础。

Effects of Different Soil Surface Structures on Wheat Growth,Development and Yield

The effects of soil surface structure on wheat growth, development and yield were determined by artificial screening of soils with eight degrees (Ⅰ-Ⅷ) of soil surface structure. The results showed that, under the soil surface structure of gradeⅠ-Ⅲ, the yield with denser sowing was 6718.54, 7375.04 and 8109.96kg/ha, the yields with sparse sowing were 5997.34, 6822.02 and 7789.55kg/ha, and moderate sowing, the yields were 7267.31, 7933.88 and 8570.04kg/ha, respectively. Denser or less sowing was not conductive to the formation of yield, the moderate density was beneficial to building a high-yielding and highly efficient population, and the wheat yield was the highest. Under the grade Ⅳ-Ⅷ soil surface structure, denser sowing was beneficial to high-yield, while sparse sowing was the lowest. Root activities, total tillering number, leaf area indexes, SPAD, nitrogen accumulation were better than that of other grades under the soil surface structure of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The total root length, plant height, dry matter weight per plant and other indicators were better under the grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Compared with the surface structure of other soil surface structure, the data on root activity, root morphology, population quality indexes, yield etc, showed the construction of high-yield and high-performance populations.