秸秆膨化还田对水稻产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

为提高水稻栽培过程中秸秆资源的高效利用，将膨化技术与秸秆还田相结合，以水稻品种垦粳8号为试验材料，进行盆栽试验，探讨秸秆膨化和未膨化2种还田形态在25%、50%、75%和100%还田量下对水稻产量、品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明，与秸秆不还田（CK）相比，分蘖期秸秆还田虽抑制了水稻叶面积、干物质积累量以及根系性状，但膨化还田抑制小于未膨化还田，膨化还田水稻齐穗期叶面积指数和干物质积累量均高于其他处理，灌浆期水稻叶面积指数和干物质积累量呈膨化还田>未膨化还田>CK的趋势；2种还田处理对水稻产量均有促进作用，穗数和结实率的增加是其增产的主要原因。同时，膨化还田增加了稻米的精米率、钙和铁含量，降低了垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质含量，提高了稻米的食味；2种还田方式均提高了土壤中有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量，膨化还田和未膨化还田分别以100%和75%还田量提升效果最佳。总体来说，膨化还田对水稻前期生长抑制较小，有利于提高水稻后期产量、改善食味品质以及提高土壤养分含量。

Effects of Straw Puffing Returning on Rice Yield,Quality and Soil Nutrients

In order to improve the efficient utilization of straw resources in the process of rice cultivation, the puffing technology was combined with the straw returning to the field, and the rice variety Kenjing 8 was used as material to carry out a pot experiment. The effects of straw puffing and unpuffing two field returning forms at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% on rice yield, quality and soil nutrients were discussed. The results showed that, compared with no returning straw (CK), the leaf area, dry matter accumulation and root traits of rice were suppressed at the tillering stage, but the puffing straw returning was less than the unpuffing straw returning. The leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of the puffing straw returning were higher than the other treatments at the full heading stage, and the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at the filling stage showed the trend of puffing straw returning > unpuffing straw returning > CK. Both of the two returning treatments promoted the rice yield, and the increases of the number of panicles and seed-setting rate were the main reasons for the increase in yield. At the same time, the puffing straw returning increased the polished rice rate, Ca and Fe contents, and decreased the chalky grain rate, chalkiness and protein content, and it also increased rice taste. Both of the two returning treatments increased the organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium contents in the soil, and the best results were obtained with 100% and 75% of puffing straw returning and unpuffing straw returning, respectively. In generally, the puffing straw returning had less inhibition of rice growth at the early stage, and was beneficial to improving rice yield, taste quality and soil nutrient content at the later stage.