向日葵抗列当育种研究进展

向日葵是世界四大油料作物之一,列当是对向日葵生长危害极为严重的一类寄生植物,且在全球范围内的发生面积逐年增加,对向日葵产业发展造成严重危害。培育抗列当品种是防治向日葵列当最为有效的途径,也是目前育种家的首要目标。育种家们通过传统的育种方法鉴定抗性基因,培育了一系列向日葵抗列当品种,并在世界范围内向日葵主栽区广泛种植,有效缓解了向日葵列当对该产业的冲击。然而,随着毒力更强的列当生理小种的出现与传播,亟待培育新的、抗性更强的品种。本文综述了新的、毒性强的列当生理小种的结构与分布,对如何利用分子标记辅助选择（MAS）策略提高向日葵的抗性分析,对向日葵抗列当基因序列信息做了归纳总结,对向日葵抗列当育种研究发展前景进行了分析与展望。

Research Advances in the Breeding Study of Sunflower Resistance to Orobanche

Sunflower is one of the four major oil crops in the world. Orobanche is a kind of parasitic plant that seriously damages the growth of sunflower and the occurrence area of Orobanche is increasing year by year all over the world that causes serious harm to the development of the sunflower industry. Breeding resistant varieties of Orobanche is the most effective way to control Orobanche and it is also the primary goal of breeders. Breeders identified resistance genes through traditional breeding methods, cultivated a series of varieties of sunflower resistant to Orobanche, and widely planted in the main planting areas of sunflower all over the world which effectively alleviated the impact of Orobanche on the industry. However, with the emergence and spread of more virulent physiological races of Orobanche, it is urgent to cultivate new sunflower varieties with stronger resistance. This paper reviewed the structure and distribution of a new and highly toxic physiological race of Orobanche, analyzed MAS strategy to improve the resistance of sunflower, summarized the sequence information of resistance genes, and analyzed and prospected the research and development of resistance breeding of sunflower to Orobanche.