基于正交设计的玉米有机无机培肥模式优化研究

为优选有机无机培肥模式,采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计,研究不同氮磷钾施用量和秸秆还田量对土壤物理、化学性质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明：有机物料秸秆的施用对土壤物理性质的改善有极显著影响,而无机化肥用量对其影响不显著;秸秆和施氮量对土壤有机质和碱解氮含量影响显著;磷肥和钾肥用量分别对有效磷和速效钾含量影响显著,通过因素不同水平的综合平衡分析比较,在辽宁中部玉米主产区采用施氮量180kg/hm²、施磷量90kg/hm²、施钾量120kg/hm²、秸秆还田量6 000kg/hm²的玉米生产和土壤培肥技术模式,可达到改善土壤结构、提高土壤质量和增产增效的最佳效果。

Study on the Optimization of Organic-Inorganic Fertilization Model for Maize Based on Orthogonal Design

In order to optimize the combination of organic-inorganic fertilization,an orthogonal design experiment of L9(34)was used to study the effects of different amounts of N,P,K and straw returning on soil physical,chemical properties and maize yield.The results showed that the organic material straw had a significant effect on the improvement of soil physical properties,but the effect of inorganic fertilizer was not significant.The effects were significant of straw and nitrogen application on the contents of soil organic matter and alkaline N,and the rates of P and K had significant effects on the contents of available P and available K,respectively.Through analysis and comparison of different levels of four factors,the technical model with the application of 180kg/ha of nitrogen,90kg/ha of phosphorus,120kg/ha of potassium and 6000kg/ha of straw could reach the best effect of improving soil structure and quality,and increasing yield and efficiency in the main maize area of central Liaoning.