外源硒对高粱产量、籽粒硒含量及品质的影响

在高粱关键生育期叶面喷施不同剂量Na₂SeO₃,研究外源硒对高粱产量、品质及籽粒硒含量的影响,明确施用外源硒的最佳剂量和最适宜时期,同时为研究硒对高粱生理方面的影响及富硒高粱的生产提供理论依据。以糯高粱品种晋糯3号为材料,采用随机区组试验,设置0（CK）、40（T1）、80（T2）、120（T3）和160mg/kg Na₂SeO₃（T4）5个供硒水平,分别在苗期、拔节期和挑旗期进行叶面外源硒喷施,研究不同时期、不同剂量供硒条件下高粱产量、品质及籽粒硒含量的变化规律。结果表明,施用外源硒一定程度上可以提高高粱籽粒硒含量,不同时期喷施外源硒对高粱籽粒硒含量的影响为挑旗期>拔节期>苗期。在人体吸收硒的安全摄入范围内,挑旗期T2施硒剂量下,晋糯3号籽粒硒含量2年平均为0.295mg/kg,比CK平均提高83.5%。叶面喷施硒对提高高粱籽粒粗蛋白和粗淀粉含量有促进作用,喷施时期对高粱品质的影响为挑旗期>拔节期>苗期>CK。挑旗期T2处理的籽粒粗蛋白和粗淀粉含量最高,分别比CK提高11.25%和1.40%。叶面喷施合适剂量的Na₂SeO₃能够明显提高高粱籽粒硒含量,改善高粱籽粒营养品质,对高粱增产有一定促进作用。综合所述,挑旗期是高粱富硒的最佳喷施时期,最适宜的叶面施硒（Na₂SeO₃）剂量为80mg/kg。

Effects of Exogenous Selenium Application on Yield,Grain Selenium Content and Quality in Sorghum

In the key growth period of sorghum, different doses of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) were sprayed on the leaves to study the effects of exogenous selenium on the yield, quality and selenium content of sorghum and to determine the optimal dose and optimum period for the application of exogenous selenium in sorghum so as to provide theoretical basis for the further study on the effects of selenium on the physiological mechanism of sorghum and the production of selenium-rich sorghum. The variety Jinnuo 3 was used as the experimental material, using randomized block test, and five selenium concentrations were designed, 0 (CK), 40 (T1), 80 (T2), 120 (T3), 160 (T4) 160mg/kg Na₂SeO₃. Foliar exogenous selenium was sprayed at seedling stage, jointing stage and flag-picking stage to study the changes of yield, quality and grain selenium content of sorghum seeds under the conditions of different spraying periods and different closes. The results showed that the application of exogenous selenium could improve the grain selenium content of sorghum to some extent. The effect of spraying exogenous selenium on the selenium content of sorghum grain in different periods was in the order of flag-picking stage > jointing stage > seedling stage. Within the safe intake range of selenium absorbed by the human body, the selenium content of Jinnuo 3 grain at the T2 dosage during the flag-picking period averaged 0.295mg/kg in two years, an average increase of 83.5% than CK. Foliar spraying selenium could significantly improve crude protein and crude starch content of sorghum grain, the impact of spraying time on grain crude protein and crude starch content was in the order of flag-picking stage > jointing stage > seedling stage > CK. The contents of crude protein and crude starch at flag-picking stage with T2 treatment were the highest, and were 11.25% and 1.40% higher than CK, respectively. Na₂SeO₃ spraying on leaves could obviously increase the selenium content, improve the nutritional quality and increase the yield of sorghum. In summary, the flag-picking period is the best selenium-rich spraying period, and the most suitable foliar selenium (Na₂SeO₃) dosage is 80mg/kg.