云南小麦变种分类与地理分布研究

云南小麦是我国特有的珍稀小麦资源,在小麦进化学研究中具有重要价值。在连续2个种植季对云南省作物种质资源库保存的56份云南小麦的芒形、壳色、颖壳有无毛及粒色4种分类学特征进行变种分类及地理分布研究,以期为云南小麦多样性保护与利用提供理论参考。结果表明,分类学特征中多样性指数最高的是壳色,为1.1740;其次是芒形,为0.9664;再次是颖毛,为0.4954;最少的为粒色,只有1种红粒类型。56份材料共分属14个变种,分布于云南省的10个县境内。无芒无毛白壳红粒为最主要变种,其数量最多且地理分布最广;无芒无毛黑壳白底红粒为第二主要变种。同时发现1个前人尚未定名的变种,为短芒有毛白壳红粒。云南小麦主要分布在双江县,其次为镇康、永德和云县,而耿马、龙陵、腾冲县分布较少。

Varieties Classification and Geographical Distribution of Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King

Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King is a unique and rare wheat resource of China and very important to wheat evolutionary research. In this study, the varieties classification and geographical distribution of the 56 Yunnan wheat resources stored in the crop germplasm resource genebank were studied by investigation of four taxonomical characteristics of awn shape, shell color, glume hair and grain color in two consecutive years, in order to provide theoretical reference for the conservation and utilization. The results showed that the highest diversity index was for shell color (1.1740), followed by awn shape (0.9664), glume hair (0.4954), and grain color (only one type, red grain) for the classification purpose. The 56 germplasms were divided into 14 varieties and distributed in 10 counties of Yunnan province. Among them, the most abundant and the main type was var. Ankoncum King, and var. Melanotum Zu was the second main type. A new variety was found, with short awn hairy white shell red grain, var. subhostianum &. At the same time, the Shuangjiang county has the most biggest geographical distribution with the most numbers and type of varieties followed by Zhenkang, Yongde and Yunxian, while the distribution areas of Gengma, Longling and Tengchong counties were very small.