不同施氮量对冬小麦光合生理指标及产量的影响

为了探索不同施氮量对冬小麦光合生理指标及产量的影响,在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地,以3个强筋冬小麦品种藁优2018（C1）、师栾02-1（C2）、石优20（C3）和1个中筋冬小麦品种济麦22（C4）为试验材料,设置0、180、210、240、270kg/hm ² 5个氮肥处理,分别用N0、N180、N210、N240、N270表示。结果表明：N240处理下不同冬小麦品种的旗叶净光合速率、SPAD值、旗叶长度、旗叶宽度,叶面积指数、归一化差值植被指数、籽粒产量及其构成因素等指标均达到最高值,且显著高于不施氮肥的处理,但与N270处理间无显著差异。综合考虑光合生理、植株性状、产量构成因素等指标,施氮量240kg/hm ²是充分发挥不同冬小麦品种植株光合性能及产量潜力的适宜施氮水平。

Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates on Photosynthetic and Physiological Indexes and Yield of Winter Wheat

To explore the effects of different nitrogen application rates on photosynthetic and physiological indexes and yield of winter wheat, three strong gluten winter wheat varieties Gaoyou 2018 (C1), Shiluan 02-1 (C2), Shiyou 20 (C3) and one medium gluten winter wheat variety Jimai 22 (C4) were used as test materials in the test base of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing. Five fertilizer treatments were used, including 0 (N0), 180 (N180), 210 (N210), 240 (N240) and 270kg/ha (N270). The results showed: flag leaf net photosynthetic rate, the SPAD value, flag leaf length and width, leaf area index, normalized difference vegetation coverage, grain yield components and other indicators of different winter wheat varieties under N240 treatment have reached the highest value, and significantly higher than that of N0 treatment, but there was no significant difference compared with N270. Therefore, comprehensive consideration of photosynthetic physiology, plant characteristics, yield components and other indicators, 240kg/ha is a suitable nitrogen application rate to improve photosynthetic and physiological indexes and yield of different winter wheat varieties.