不同施氮量对冬小麦产量、效益及土壤理化性状的影响

为探明豫北地区高肥力地块不同施氮量对冬小麦产量、经济效益及土壤理化性状的影响,在安阳市北关区壤质潮土上开展了冬小麦不同施氮量试验,设常规施磷钾肥（W1,CK）、常规施肥减施氮肥30%（W2）、常规施肥减施氮肥15%（W3）、常规施肥减施氮肥5%（W4）、常规施肥（W5）和常规施肥增施氮肥5%（W6）6个处理。结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的减少冬小麦主茎叶龄、次生根数、茎蘖数、株高及穗长等农艺性状呈下降趋势,以W6处理最佳。冬小麦产量随着施氮量的增加呈上升趋势,W4、W5、W6处理与W1处理相比增幅分别达48.7%、48.9%、49.1%,W4、W5、W6处理间差异不显著;但与W2、W3处理间差异达到显著水平。不同施氮量处理经济效益较W1处理均有不同程度增加,W4较W1处理净增效益5 869.80元/hm ²,较W5处理净增效益24.45元/hm ²。不同施氮量处理对土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾含量和土壤容重有显著影响,但对pH影响不显著。土壤全氮含量随施氮量的增加呈上升趋势;W4处理土壤容重最低。综合分析,以常规施肥减施氮肥5%处理效果最佳。

Effects of Different Nitrogen Concentrations on Yield and Benefit of Winter Wheat and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

To explore the effect of different nitrogen concentrations on winter wheat yield and soil physical and chemical properties in high fertility area of North Henan, a field experiment was conducted in Fluvo-aquic soil of Anyang County. Six treatments were used in the experiment, including conventional fertilization without nitrogen fertilizer (W1, CK), conventional fertilization with 30% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (W2), conventional fertilization with 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (W3), conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer decrease (W4), conventional fertilization (W5), and conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer increase (W6). The results showed that the main stem leaf age, secondary roots, tiller numbers, plant height, and ear length of winter wheat were reduced along with N application rate decrease. The conventional fertilization with 5% nitrogen fertilizer increase (W6) showed best biological charatcers. The yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application. Compared with W1 treatment, the W4, W5 and W6 treatments showed no significant difference, but the three treatments differed significantly from other treatments. Compared with W1 and W5 treatments, the economic benefits of W4 treatment increased 5 869.8 yuan/ha and 24.45 yuan/ha respectively. Different nitrogen fertilizer treatments had significant effects on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slow available potassium and soil bulk density, but had no significant effect on pH value. The content of soil total nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the soil bulk density was the lowest when the application of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 5% (W4). Available phosphorus and available potassium in soil. In conclusion, the 5% nitrogen fertilization decrease measure (W4) improved economic and environment benefits significantly.