不同耕作和有机培肥措施对土壤理化性质及小麦产量的影响

为探索黄淮海潮土区小麦最佳耕作和施肥模式,以河南省夏邑县潮土试验基地为平台设置了2种耕作方式（深耕和旋耕）和5种施肥模式（不施肥、单施化肥及3种化肥配施有机肥）,测定不同耕作和培肥措施下土壤理化性质、植株和籽粒氮、磷、钾含量及产量。结果表明,增施有机肥显著提高了表土层和犁底层土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量;旋耕条件下土壤表层养分高于深耕。旋耕增施有机肥促进了植株和籽粒氮、磷、钾含量,籽粒氮和植株氮在化肥配施有机肥22 500kg/hm²时效果最佳;籽粒磷和植株磷含量在化肥配施有机肥7 500kg/hm²时效果最佳。深耕增施有机肥明显提高了小麦产量,最佳有机肥施用量为化肥配施有机肥15 280kg/hm²。

Effects of Tillage and Organic Fertilization Modes on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Wheat Yield

In order to explore the best tillage and fertilization mode for wheat in the tidal soil area of Huang-Huai-Hai, two farming methods (deep tillage and rotary tillage) and five fertilization modes (no fertilization, single application of chemical fertilizers and chemical fertilizers combined with three levels of organic fertilizer) were set up at the platform of the tidal soil test base in Xiayi County, Henan Province. In this experiment, soil physical and chemical properties, nitrogen and phosphorus content and yield of plant and grain effects of different tillage and fertility models were determined. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the topsoil and plow bottom soil, and topsoil nutrients were higher in rotary tillage than that in deep tillage. Rotary tillage and organic fertilizer application promoted the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants and grains. The best effect was achieved by appling 22 500kg/ha organic fertilizer to grain nitrogen and plant nitrogen. The best effect was achieved by applying 7 500kg/ha organic fertilizer to grain phosphorus and plant phosphorus. The application of organic fertilizer by deep tillage significantly increased the yield of wheat, and the optimal application amount of organic fertilizer was 15 280kg/ha combined with chemical fertilizer.