黄河故道滨海中低产田耕作与增施有机肥对土壤性状及稻-麦周年产量的短期影响

提升中低产田耕地质量是保障地区粮食持续生产能力的重要途径。通过在江苏省滨海县稻-麦轮作区周年秸秆全量还田条件下设置耕作方式与增施有机肥处理,探讨了耕作与有机肥施用对土壤地力及稻麦产量的影响。结果表明,免耕和旋耕处理有助于提升土壤有机质及碱解氮含量,与耕翻处理相比,旋耕处理土壤有机质含量提升13.0%~21.2%,碱解氮含量提高3.6%~26.4%。短期对土壤物理结构改良的效果为耕翻>旋耕>免耕处理,增施有机肥可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤有机质含量,但对产量几乎没有影响。从周年角度来看,有机无机肥结合、耕翻与浅旋结合有助于改善土壤结构和提升土壤肥水水平,麦季以旋耕处理产量最高,稻季以耕翻处理产量最高。黄河故道稻-麦轮作区中低产田通过在传统化肥基础上增施有机肥、旋耕与深翻交替可以在提升耕地质量的同时实现较高产量。

Short-Term Effects of Tillage and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Characters and Annual Rice-Wheat Yield in Coastal Low- and Medium-Yield Farmland of the Old Yellow River

Improving the quality of cultivated land in low and medium yield field is an important way to guarantee the grain production capacity of the region. The effects of tillage and organic fertilizer application on soil fertility were studied by setting up tillage methods and increasing organic fertilizer application under the condition of annual total straw returning in rice-wheat rotation area of Binhai county, Jiangsu province. The results showed that no-tillage and rotary tillage could improve the content of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Compared with ploughing treatment, soil organic matter content in rotary tillage treatment was increased by 13.0%-21.2%, and alkaline free nitrogen content was increased by 3.6%-26.4%. However, the short-term effect on soil physical structure improvement was plowing > rotary tillage > no-tillage. Adding organic fertilizer could reduce soil bulk density and increase soil organic matter, but had little effect on yield. From the anniversary perspective, organic-inorganic combination, tillage and shallow rotation combination are helpful to improve soil structure and soil fertility. The treatments of the highest yield were rotary tillage in wheat season and plowing in rice season, respectively. Adding organic fertilizer and suitable tillage methods could increase annual yield of rice and wheat with effectively increasing soil nutrients, improving soil structure and promoting sustainable productivity of soil. By adding organic fertilizer on the basis of traditional chemical fertilizers, alternating tilling and deep ploughing, the middle and low yield fields in rice-wheat rotation area of the Old Yellow River could achieve higher yield while improving the quality of cultivated land.