播期和行距互作对小麦籽粒产量和品质的调控

为探明播期和行距对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响,于2019-2020年在连云港市稻麦综合示范基地以小麦品种连麦7号和淮麦45为供试材料,设置不同播期和行距处理,研究不同处理下小麦产量及其构成因素、籽粒蛋白质组分含量、加工品质和粉质参数的变化规律。结果表明,随着播期推迟,连麦7号和淮麦45的穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量均先增加后减少。在10月15日和10月30日播期下,2个小麦品种籽粒产量在行距25cm时最高。2个小麦品种籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、加工品质和粉质参数等指标在10月15日和10月30日播期下表现较好,而11月15日播期下各行距处理的小麦品质均明显下降。随着行距增大,2个小麦品种湿面筋含量、吸水率、稳定时间和粉质质量指数不断提高,但3个行距处理间差异未达到显著水平。由以上可知,播期对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响大于行距。综合分析可知,兼顾连麦7号和淮麦45高产优质的最佳播期和行距配置分别为10月30日、25cm和10月15日、25cm。

Regulation of Sowing Date and Row Spacing on Grain Yield and Quality of Wheat

To explore the effects of sowing date and row spacing on grain yield and quality of wheat, the experiment was conducted in rice-wheat cropping comprehensive demonstration base of Lianyungang from 2019 to 2020. The main objective was to study the variation of grain yield and its components, contents of protein components, processing quality and farinograph parameters of Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 45 through different cultivation treatments. The main results showed that the kernels per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 45 firstly increased and then decreased with the delay of sowing date. At the same time, grain yield of two wheat varieties reached the highest values at 25cm under the condition of October 15th and October 30th sowing dates. Protein components, processing quality and farinograph parameters of Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 45 at October 15th and October 30th sowing date were better than those of November 15th sowing date. In addition, wet gluten content, water absorption stability time and farinograph parameter number of two wheat varieties all increased continuously as the increasing of row spacing. However, there were no significant difference of grain quality among different row spacing treatments. The results showed that the influence of cultivation measures on the grain yield and the quality of the wheat was represented as the distance between the rows of seeds. Comprehensive analysis of grain yield and quality, the optimal conditions of Lianmai 7 and Huaimai 45 were the sowing date of October 30th at 25cm row spacing and the sowing date of October 15th at 25cm row spacing.