苗期及灌浆期抗Bipolaris sorokiniana叶枯病小麦品种（系）鉴定及相关性分析

叶枯病对小麦生产危害严重,麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌（Bipolaris sorokiniana）是小麦叶枯病的主要致病菌。为筛选抗B. sorokiniana叶枯病小麦种质,采用“孢子液喷洒、套袋（罩）保湿”接菌鉴定的方法,于2019-2020年对130个小麦品种（系）进行苗期及灌浆期叶枯病抗性鉴定,同时分析了小麦苗期与灌浆期对B. sorokiniana叶枯病抗性的相关性。结果表明,130个小麦品种（系）中,苗期抗病材料占32.3%,其中高抗与中抗材料分别为1.5%与30.8%,无免疫材料;感病材料占67.7%,其中中感与高感材料分别为20.8%与46.9%;灌浆期抗、感叶枯病材料分别占11.5%与88.5%,无高抗材料;小麦苗期与灌浆期对B. sorokiniana叶枯病抗性呈显著正相关关系（r = 0.72）。此结果为抗B. sorokiniana叶枯病的遗传育种与抗病机理研究提供了优异的种质资源;基于苗期抗性与灌浆期抗性的显著相关性,可以通过室内快速准确的苗期叶枯病抗性鉴定预测大田条件下小麦灌浆期的抗性,节省时间,减轻大田鉴定繁重的工作量,并降低环境因素对鉴定结果的影响。

Identification and Correlation Analysis of Wheat Cultivars (Lines) Resistance to Leaf Blight Caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana at Seedling Stage and Filling Stage

Wheat leaf blight is severely harmful to wheat production. Bipolaris sorokiniana is a major pathogen causing this disease. In order to screen the germplasms resistant to leaf blight caused by B.sorokiniana, the method of spraying spore suspension and covering for moisture was used at seedling stage and filling stage of 130 wheat cultivars/lines at the wheat-growing season in 2019-2020 and the correlation of resistance between seedling stage and filling stage were analyzed. The results showed that among 130 wheat cultivars (lines), resistant genotypes were 32.3% at seedling stage, of which high and moderately resistant genotypes were 1.5% and 30.8%, respectively, and had no immune genotype, susceptible germplasm was 67.7% of which moderately and high susceptible genotypes were 20.8% and 46.9%, respectively. The resistant and susceptible cultivars (lines) were 11.5% and 88.5% at filling stage, respectively, and had no high resistant genotype. There was a significant positive correlation between resistances to leaf blight caused by B. sorokiniana at seedling stage and filling stage (r=0.72). The results provide excellent resistant resources for wheat breeding and mechanism study of resistance to leaf blight. The significant correlation between resistances at seedling and filling stage provides promising evidence for evaluating resistance to leaf blight at filling stage through evaluating seedling resistance under artificial inoculation condition in the growth chamber, which is rapid and accurate and can alleviate the heavy workload of resistance identification in the field at filling stage, and reduced the impact of environmental factors on identification results.