不同株行距配置对机采棉成铃特性及纤维品质的影响

以新疆生产建设兵团第七师地区推荐棉花品种“Z1112”和“中棉641”为试验材料,设置一膜六行（10cm+66cm+10cm+66cm+10cm）、一膜四行（76cm+10cm+76cm）和一膜三行（76cm+76cm）3种株行距配置模式,研究不同株行距配置模式对棉花成铃特性和纤维品质的影响。结果表明：同一棉花品种下,一膜三行和一膜四行配置模式的伏前桃多于一膜六行,而伏桃与内围铃则表现为一膜六行多于一膜四行和一膜三行。3种株行距配置模式下均表现为下部铃>中部铃>上部铃,中部铃和下部铃表现为一膜六行的单位面积铃数显著高于一膜三行,但与一膜四行间差异不显著。一膜三行株行距配置模式较其他两种配置模式更有利于棉花脱叶和吐絮,但不同行距配置模式对棉花产量、纤维长度、整齐度指数、马克隆值和伸长率均无显著影响,对断裂比强度和短纤维指数有一定影响。综合比较来看,一膜三行配置模式具有充足的行距空间,可充分发挥个体与群体的生产潜能,显著提高棉花单株结铃数和单铃重,同时具有较优的脱叶吐絮效果和棉纤维品质,因此,一膜三行株行距配置模式适宜在该地区推广。

Effects of Different Row Spacings on Boll Characteristics and Fiber Quality of Machine Picked Cotton

In this study, two cotton varieties “Z1112” and “Zhongmian 641” in the 7th division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were used as the experimental materials and three row spacing patterns, six row spacing of one film (10cm+66cm+10cm+66cm+10cm), four row spacing of one film (76cm+10cm+76cm), and three row spacing of one film (76cm+76cm), were set up to study the effects of different row spacing patterns on the boll forming characteristics and fiber quality of cotton. The results showed that under the same cotton variety, the numbers of pre-summer bolls with three row spacing of one film and four row spacing of one film were more than six row spacing of one film, while the number of pre-summer bolls and inner bolls with six row spacing of one film was more than four row spacing of one film and three row spacing of one film. The three row spacing patterns were lower bolls > middle bolls > upper bolls. The bolls of middle bolls and lower bolls showed that the number of bolls per unit area of six rows per membrane was significantly higher than that of three rows per membrane but there was no significant difference between them. Three row spacing of one film was more conducive to cotton defoliation and bolling than the other two row spacing patterns but the pattern of different row spacing had no significant effect on cotton yield, fiber length, evenness index, micronaire value, and elongation and had some effects on specific breaking strength and short fiber index. Compared with the other two models, the three row spacing of one film pattern had the sufficient row spacing configuration which could give full play to the production potential of individuals and groups, significantly improve the boll number and boll weight per plant, and have a better defoliating effect and cotton fiber quality. Therefore, the three row spacing of one film configuration mode is suitable for popularization in this area.