遵义烟区不同海拔下植烟土壤细菌群落及影响因素分析

为探究不同海拔下植烟土壤细菌群落结构特征及影响细菌群落结构的主要因素,在贵州省遵义地区选择海拔800（ZL）、1000（ZS）和1200m（ZH）的3块植烟土壤,采用16S rRNA高通量测序法对植烟土壤微生物多样性进行分析。结果表明,ZL和ZH处理植烟土壤细菌α多样性均低于ZS处理;3个海拔下植烟土壤优势门为放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）,放线菌门的相对丰度以ZL处理最高,较ZH处理提高了34.22%;变形菌门表现则相反,ZH处理变形菌门丰度较ZL处理显著提高。绿弯菌门与酸杆菌门丰度在3个海拔处理中表现较为一致,均为ZS>ZL>ZH。聚类热图分析结果显示,土壤含水率和pH与Armatimonadota和蓝细菌门（Gyanobacteria）存在显著正相关关系,与变形菌门存在显著负相关关系;变形菌门、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和髌骨菌门（Patescibacteria）与土壤微生物量氮存在显著正相关关系,而与速效钾存在极显著负相关关系。

Analysis of Bacterial Community and Influencing Factors in Tobacco Soil at Different Altitudes in Zunyi

In order to explore the characteristics and the main influencing factors of bacterial community structure of tobacco planting soil at different altitudes, three tobacco planting soils at different altitudes of 800 (ZL), 1000 (ZS) and 1200m (ZH) were selected in Zunyi, Guizhou, and the bacterial community of tobacco planting soil was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that bacteria in tobacco planting soil in ZL and ZH treatments α-diversity were lower than that of ZS treatment. The dominant bacteria phyla in tobacco growing soil at three altitudes were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was the highest in ZL (34.22%), which was higher than that in ZH; on the contrary, the abundance of Proteobacteria in ZH was significantly higher than that in ZL. The abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were consistent at the three altitudes, which were ZS > ZL > ZH. The results of cluster heat map analysis showed that soil water content and pH value had a significant positive correlation with Armimonadota and Cyanobacteria, and a significant negative correlation with Proteobacteria; Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Patescibacteria were significantly correlated with microbial biomass N, but negatively correlated with the content of available K.