基于SNP分子标记的泰山/泰科麦系列小麦遗传解析

对不同年份育成的21个小麦品种（系）进行全基因组扫描,通过分析遗传距离和染色体区段/位点,明确其亲缘关系远近和遗传差异。分析可知,获得的2029个SNP基因位点在B基因组拥有较高的遗传多样性,其次是A和D基因组;在7个同源群中,第3和第6同源群呈现出较高的遗传多样性,而第1和第4同源群的遗传多样性较低;21条染色体中,3A、1B、6B染色体的遗传多样性较高,而1A、6A的遗传多样性偏低。对21份供试材料依据审定（育成）年份分析其群体的平均遗传距离,不同年份品种间的平均遗传距离先增大后减小,遗传多样性逐渐降低;21份供试材料间的遗传相似系数在0.69~0.99之间,大致可聚为4个类群,同一年份的品种一般聚在一起,与其系谱关系吻合。构建并分析供试材料的基因型图谱发现,00s、10s和现在育成的小麦品种（系）共有SNP和共有染色体区段分别主要在A、D和B基因组,对应已发表性状同不同年份育种目标吻合。同时发现21份供试材料均含有25个共同SNP位点,分布在1A、5A、6A、7A、2B、3B、6B、1D、2D、3D和7D染色体上,且每条染色体上分布的SNP位点数目均不相同,通过对应已发表性状进一步证实在品种（系）组配与选育过程中注重产量、株高、分蘖数、抽穗期、灌浆速率和抗病等性状的选择。以上研究结果可为今后小麦新品种组配和选育提供参考依据。

Genetic Analysis of Taishan/Taikemai Serial Wheat Based on SNP Molecular Markers

To clarify the genetic relationship and genetic differences of the new wheat cultivars (lines) bred in recent years, the whole-genome of 21 new wheat cultivars (lines) were scanned, the genetic distance and chromosome sections/loci were analyzed to clarify their genetic relationship and genetic difference characteristics. The genetic analysis of 21 new wheat cultivars (lines) was conducted by 2029 SNP loci. In the three genomes, B genome had lightly higher diversity, followed by A and D genomes; among the seven homologous groups, the 3rd and 6th groups showed high genetic diversity; among the 21 chromosomes, the genetic diversity of 3A, 1B, and 6B were high, while 1A and 6A were low. The average genetic distance of wheat cultivars (lines) was analyzed according to the year of their approval (breeding). The average genetic distance of the cultivars (lines) first increased and the decreased, the genetic diversities were gradually decreased. The genetic similarity coefficients of 21 wheat cultivars (lines) ranged from 0.69 to 0.99 and these 21 wheat cultivars (lines) could be grouped into four groups. The wheat cultivars (lines) which were grouped in the same group were from the same year and consistent with its pedigree relationship. Twenty-one wheat chromosome genotypic maps were constructed and analyzed. It was found that the common SNP and chromosome segments of cultivars (lines) bred in 00s, 10s, and present were mainly distributed in A, D and B genomes, respectively. Moreover, their traits were consistent with the published traits in different breeding years. At the same time, this study also found that the 21 cultivars(lines) had 25 SNP loci which distributed on chromosomes 1A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 2B, 3B, 6B, 1D, 2D, 3D, and 7D and the number of SNP loci distributed on each chromosome were also different. The selection of grain yield, plant height, tiller number, heading stage, grouting rate, and disease resistance were emphasized in the process of wheat hybrid combinations and breeding. The above results could provide a breeding reference for new wheat cultivars in the future.