普通小麦辉县红-荆州黑麦异染色体系的选育及其梭条花叶病抗性鉴定

为发掘和利用荆州黑麦所携抗梭条花叶病基因，综合利用分子细胞遗传学与分子标记技术结合多年抗性鉴定，从高感梭条花叶病小麦地方品种辉县红与荆州黑麦杂交后代（F₇~F₉）中选育出二体异附加系5个(分别添加1R、2R、R3、5R和R7)、5RS端二体异附加系1个和多重异附加代换系2个（染色体组成分别为20’’+2R(2D)’’+4R’’和19’’+1R（1B）’’+2R（2B）’’+4R’’）。鉴定表明，双二倍体荆辉1号高抗梭条花叶病，表明黑麦抗性基因可在小麦背景中稳定表达，2R、R7二体异附加系及2个含2R的多重异附加代换系均表现高抗，推测2R和R7上可能携带抗病基因。这些材料是研究荆州黑麦抗性基因遗传及小麦抗病育种的新种质。

Development and WSSMV Resistance Identification of Wheat Landrace Huixianhong Alien Chromosome Lines Derived from Rye Cultivar Jingzhouheimai

Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic (WSSM) is an important virus disease mediated by soil bacterium Polynyxa graminis in China. Development and utilization of resistant cultivars is an effective way to control this disease. At present, several cultivars with WSSMV resistance have been grown in these regions, however, most resistance genes are originated from wheat species and show less diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to transfer new genes into wheat, especially from wheat relatives. After multi-year evaluation, Chinese rye cultivar, Secale cereale cv. Jingzhouheimai, showed high and stable resistance. In order to transfer the genes into wheat, we identified the F₇ to F₉ generations of hybrid derived from Huixianhong (a susceptible wheat landrace from Henan Province, China) and Jingzhouheimai by molecular cytogenetics, molecular markers combined with disease resistance and developed five disomic addition lines (1R, 2R, R3, 5R and R7), one 5RS ditelosomic addition and two multiple addition and substitution lines with chromosome constitution 20’’+2R(2D)’’+4R’’ and 19’’+1R(1B)’’+2R(2B)’’+4R’’, respectively. The resistance identification showed that amphiploid Jinghui 1 had high and stable resistance to WSSMV, which is similar to Jingzhouheimai, indicating regular expression of rye resistance gene(s) in wheat. 2R and R7 disomic additions and 2 multiple addition and substitutions involving 2R showed similar resistance to Jinghui 1，we deduced that chromosomes 2R and R7 from Jingzhouheimai might confer WSSMV resistance. These alien chromosome lines might be useful germplasms in genetic study and breeding wheat for WSSMV resistance.