品种与环境对我国裸燕麦营养品质的影响

为了解我国裸燕麦品种营养品质的整体表现，收集了2007—2009年间国内燕麦主产区产58个燕麦样品，比较了其重要营养组成及地区和年份间的差异，并初步筛选了燕麦优良品种。结果显示，在燕麦特征性营养指标中，各样品间以粗脂肪含量的差异最大，变异系数为21.38%；淀粉含量差异最小，变异系数仅6.23%；不饱和脂肪酸组成中以油酸与亚油酸为主，二者比例接近1∶1，品种间含量差异较小；氨基酸组成中以含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸)含量差异最显著。对比所选取4个燕麦产区的品种表现，以甘肃产燕麦的综合品质较好，粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖、亚油酸及赖氨酸含量相对较高。相对于品种和产地，年份间燕麦营养品质的差异较不显著。

Effects of Cultivar and Environment on Nutritional Quality of Chinese Naked Oats

To understand the status of nutritional quality of Chinese naked oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars used in oat production, we collected 58 samples of 38 cultivars from six major production areas in China, which were harvested from 2007 to 2009. The nutritional compositions, including grain moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, β-glucan, and starch, were analyzed and compared among cultivars, planting sites, and harvest years. These quality parameters varied greatly among cultivars. The content of crude fat had the largest variation coefficient, which was 21.38%. In contrast, starch content had the least variation among cultivars with the variation coefficient of 6.23%. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main components of unsaturated fatty acids in oat oil and their proportions were similar, showing a roughly 1:1 ratio. Moreover, there were differences of contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid among cultivars. In the amino acid components, sulfur amino acids (consisted of methionine and cysteine) had the largest variations among cultivars. The integrated quality of oat samples from Gansu Province was higher than that form other planting sites due to its higher contents of protein, β-glucan, linoleic acid, and lysine. Planting year had less effect on nutritional quality of oats compared with cultivar and planting site. According to cluster analysis, a few cultivars with rich β-glucan, protein, linoleic acid, lysine, or sulfur amino acid were screened out, which were propitious to oat breeding and rough material selection in oat processing industry.