中期种质库贮藏下真空和非真空包装普通小麦种子的衰老特性及寿命差异

为了解低温中期种质库(?2±2)℃]贮藏下普通小麦种子的衰老或存活特性及贮藏前环境相同的同一基因型种子在真空密封和非真空包装保存中的种子寿命差异，探讨低温中期种质库延长种子寿命的适宜种子包装方式，分析了两种包装的89份普通小麦种子保存11年的存活分布、衰退率(1/σ)、初始质量(K_i)、平均寿命(P₅₀)和贮藏寿命(log σ)。结果表明, 两种包装89份种子的衰老或存活频率均符合正态分布，但是部分基因型种子的衰退率和寿命因不同包装而出现差异。贮藏前环境及种子水分相同的同一基因型种子，真空密封保存较非真空贮藏显著衰老的比例小、程度轻，因而真空密封贮藏更利于维持种子寿命。虽然真空密封保存的种子较非真空贮藏的种子K_i值高，但并不支持K_i值是种子初始质量或潜在种子寿命的假设。

Comparison of Aging Characteristics and Longevity of Wheat Seeds in Vacuum and Non-vacuum Packages Storage in Mid-term Low-temperature Genebank

To validate the effect of vacuum and sealed package on seed viability and longevity after long-time storage in mid-term low-temperature (?2±2°C) genebank, we sampled 89 accessions of common wheat seeds (89 samples) to compare their survival status, rate of seeds deterioration (1/σ), seeds initial quality (Ki), half-life period (P50), and storage longevity (log σ) with the same accessions that in non-vacuum packages during the 11-year storage. The survival frequencies and aging characteristics of 89 samples in both packages followed the normal distributions according to chi-square tests. In a few genotypes, the rate of seeds deterioration and longevity characteristics showed obvious differences between the vacuum and non-vacuum package treatments. Wheat genotypes with identical initial moisture and prestorage environment showed different rates of significant deterioration in the two-package treatments, of which vacuum packaging treatment presented lower rate and lightened degree of seed aging. Therefore, vacuum and sealed package has the effect on lessening seed deterioration and maintaining seed longevity compared to the non-vacuum package. We also observed the higher value of Ki in the vacuum and sealed packaging treatment than in the non-vacuum packaging treatment. However, it seems not to support the hypothesis of Ki as the indicator for seed initial quality.