不同母质发育的土壤对双季稻产量及养分吸收特性的影响

湖南省双季稻区水稻土具有成土母质多样的特点，研究不同母质水稻土下双季稻产量及养分吸收特性，对于湖南省不同母质水稻土上的双季稻产量潜力挖掘及双季稻高产创建的优化布局，具有一定的参考价值。将选自湖南双季稻区6种典型成土母质发育的水稻土置于长沙市郊同一生态条件下，采用池栽定位试验，进行了双季稻稻谷产量及氮、磷、钾养分吸收特性的比较研究。结果表明，不同母质类型水稻土对早稻稻谷产量及双季稻稻谷总产量(早稻+晚稻)的影响极显著(P<0.01)，对晚稻稻谷产量的影响不显著(P>0.05)。其中第四纪红土和河流沉积物母质发育的水稻土有利于早稻及双季稻高产，两处理2009-2011年3年平均早稻稻谷产量分别为6896.9 kg hm^-2和6908.3 kg hm^-2，双季稻总产量分别为14 308.0 kg hm^-2和14 446.3 kg hm^-2。花岗岩和紫色页岩不利于早稻及双季稻稻谷产量的增加，2009-2011年3年平均早稻稻谷产量分别为6217.0 kg hm^-2和6180.2 kg hm^-2，双季稻总产量分别为13 635.4 kg hm^-2和13 274.5 kg hm^-2。不同母质类型水稻土对双季稻养分吸收特性的影响不同。第四纪红土、板页岩及河流沉积物处理双季稻氮素总吸收量较高，石灰岩不利于水稻对磷素的吸收。相关性分析表明，早稻氮素吸收量、吸钾量与早稻稻谷产量，双季稻氮素总吸收量与双季稻总产量均显著正相关(P<0.05)。不同母质类型水稻土本身理化性质的差异是造成双季稻稻谷产量及养分吸收规律不同的主要原因。

Effects of Paddy Soils from Different Parent Materials on Yield and Nutrient Uptake Characteristics of Double-Cropping Rice

Parent materials of paddy soils are various in double-cropping paddy fields of Hunan Province. Investigation of the effects of paddy soils from different parent materials on yield and nutrient uptake characteristics of double-cropping rice will provide references for rational regional distribution and high yield cultivation of double-cropping rice in Hunan Province. Yield and nutrient uptake characteristics of double-cropping rice were analyzed using paddy soils from different parent materials in a 7-year experiment in Changsha, Hunan. The results indicated that, different paddy soils had very significant influence (P<0.01) on yield of early rice and total yield of double-cropping rice, but no significant influence on yield of late rice. Yields of early rice and double-cropping rice were higher in red yellow clayey soil and alluvial sandy soil, with average yields (2009–2011) of 6896.9 kg ha^-1 and 6908.3 kg ha^-1 for early rice and 14 308.0 kg ha^-1 and 14 446.3 kg ha^-1 for double-cropping rice, respectively. Grey clayey soil and purple clayey soil were not beneficial to increasing yields of early rice and double-cropping rice. Average yields of early rice for the two treatments were only 6217.0 kg ha^-1 and 6180.2 kg ha^-1, and those of double-cropping rice were 13 635.4 kg ha^-1 and 13 274.5 kg ha^-1, respectively. The nutrient uptake traits of double-cropping rice varied with different paddy soils. Nitrogen uptake of double-cropping rice was higher in red yellow clayey soil, yellow clayey soil and alluvial sandy soil. Grey clayey soil was not beneficial to phosphorus uptake. Correlation analysis indicated that, nitrogen and potassium uptake of early rice had a positively significant correlation (P<0.05) with yield of early rice, and nitrogen uptake of double-cropping rice had a significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) with yield of double-cropping rice. Differences of physical and chemical properties in paddy soils from different parent materials were the main reason caused differences of yield and nutrient uptake in double-cropping rice.