水氮互作对水稻氮磷钾吸收、转运及分配的影响

以杂交稻冈优527为材料,设"淹水灌溉"(W1)、"前期湿润灌溉+孕穗期浅水灌溉+抽穗至成熟期干湿交替灌溉"(W2)和"旱种"(W3)3种灌水及不同的施氮量处理,研究对水稻氮、磷、钾吸收、转运及分配的影响,并探讨各养分间及其与产量间的关系。结果表明,水与氮对水稻主要生育期氮、磷、钾的累积、转运、分配及产量均存在显著的互作作用,水氮互作下各生育期氮、磷、钾吸收、转运及其与产量间均有显著或极显著的正相关,且抽穗前期氮、磷的累积以及分蘖盛期对钾的吸收状况与产量呈极显著正相关。结合产量与稻株氮、磷、钾吸收及转运关系间的表现,W2灌溉方式与施氮量为180kghm-2组合是本试验最佳的水氮耦合运筹方式,淹灌条件下,施氮量以180kghm-2为宜,旱种条件下,施氮量可适当降至90～180kghm-2。

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Interaction on Absorption,Translocation and Distribution of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium in Rice

Hybrid rice Gangyou 527 was used to investigate the effects of three irrigation regimes (submerged irrigation, W₁; dry cultivation, W₃; and damp irrigation before booting stage plus shallow irrigation at booting stage plus wetting-drying alternation irrigation from heading stage to mature stage, W₂) and different amounts of nitrogen (N) application on absorption, transport and distribution of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in rice, and study on correlations of N, P and K absorption characteristics and its relationship with grain yield. The results showed that there was an obvious interaction between irrigation regime and among ofN application. Correlation analysis indicated that there existed significantly or highly significantly positive correlations between the amounts of N, P and K absorption, transfer, distribution, and between each of them and yield under water-nitrogeninteraction at the mainly growth stages, and there existed highly significantly positive correlations between yield and the accumulations of N, P before heading stage and the amount of K absorption at tillering stage. Combining N, P and K absorption characteristics and its relationship with grain yield performance, W₂ with suitable N application amount (N₁₈₀) was the best model in this paper referred as the water-nitrogen coupling management model, optimum N application amount was 180 kg ha^-1 forsubmerged irrigation, and 90–180 kg ha^-1 for dry cultivation conditions.