旱地谷子集水保水技术的生理生态效应

将地膜覆盖与保水剂两种集水保水技术集成应用，观测了抽穗期不同处理谷子光合作用日变化，分析了不同集水保水技术对产量和水分状况的影响。结果表明，各处理光合速率日变化存在“午休现象”，两种覆膜方式结合使用保水剂的处理使这种趋势有所减轻；蒸腾速率日变化为“单峰曲线”，气孔导度以上午8:00最高。地膜覆盖与保水剂处理表现出一定的增产和提高水分利用效率的效果，平膜方式与垄沟方式分别较露地栽培增产78.98％、60.12％，保水剂使用较不使用平均增产7.66％，季末垄膜沟植有较好的水分效应，收获后2 m土层贮水量平均较对照增加59.9 mm。

Physiological and Ecological Effects of Water Collecting and Conservation Technique on Dry-land Millet

Film mulching technique(FM) and super water absorbent polymers(SW) were used in millet production.In this study,six water collecting and conservation treatments were carried out in millet production in southern Ningxia semi-arid areas,including solely furrow seeding with film and ridge technique,furrow seeding with film and ridge colligated SW,hole seeding on film mulching,hole seeding on film mulching with SW together,merely SW,and no film mulching and no SW as CK.During the experiment,the daily changes of photosynthetic rate during millet heading stage were measured,and the changes of moisture and millet yield were investigated.This study points out that the "midday depression" was appeared in daily changes of photosynthetic rate under different treatments,but the integrative technique of FM and SW could abate it(Fig.1).Daily changes of transpiration rate were a single-peak curve(Fig.2),and the time of greatest stomatal conductance was at 8:00 am(Fig.3). Yield and water use efficiency(WUE) were increased by using FM and SW.The treatments of hole seeding on film and furrow seeding with film and ridge could increased the yield,which were 78.98% and 60.12% higher than that of non-mulched, respectively.The millet yield of SW seeding was enhanced 7.66% compared with no SW seeding.Furrow seeding with film and ridge after harvest was propitious to soil moisture,using the technique could increase water storage by 59.9 mm compared with CK in 2 m depth(Table 2).