高分子量谷蛋白5+10亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记辅助选择在小麦品质育种中的应用

谷蛋白亚基组成对小麦加工品质具有重要作用。以豫麦34、藁城8901和中优9507为优质亲本，以轮选987、石4185和周麦16为农艺回交亲本，采用5+10亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记结合田间农艺性状选择，育成4个BC₂F₄群体共125个高代品系。2008—2009年度，将这些高代品系分别种植于北京和河南安阳，分析了5+10亚基和1B/1R易位对蛋白质含量、和面时间和峰值曲线面积等品质参数的影响。4个群体中蛋白质含量与和面时间、峰值曲线面积等参数变幅较大，后代品系间品质差异明显，5+10亚基可显著增加和面时间和峰值曲线面积，1B/1R易位对和面时间和峰值曲线面积的作用则受遗传背景的影响。和面时间和峰值曲线面积等主要品质参数还受亚基表达量的影响，和面时间和峰值曲线面积与低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量显著正相关(r = 0.38~0.74，P < 0.05)，导入5+10亚基可显著增加高分子量和低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量；Glu-B3位点等位基因的变化对高分子量谷蛋白亚基含量的影响不显著，对低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量的影响则因组合而异。通过有限回交，育种早代在室内采用5+10优质亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记辅助选择，结合田间农艺性状选择，可以加速培育优质新品种。

Marker-Assisted Selection of HMW-Glutenin 1Dx5+1Dy10 Gene and 1B/1R Translocation for Improving Industry Quality in Common Wheat

Glutenin subunits play an important role in determining processing quality in common wheat. In this study, a total of 125 BC2F4 lines derived from four populations by marker-assisted backcrossing, with Yumai 34, Gaocheng 8901, and Zhongyou 9507 as quality donor and Lunxuan 987, Shi 4185, and Zhoumai 16 as recipients, were used to assess the effect of glutenin subunit 5+10 and 1B/1R translocation on quality parameters including protein content, mixograph mixing time and peak integral. A wide range of variation for all quality parameters in the populations was detected. Lines with 1Dx5+1Dy10 performed significantly longer mixing time and higher peak integral than those with alleles 1Dx2+1Dy12, while the genetic background of parents had a large impact on mixing time and peak integral among 1B/1R translocation lines. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) revealed that mixing time and peak integral were related with the quantity of glutenin subunit fractions, and significant and positive correlations between mixing time, peak integral and the quantity of LMW-GS were observed, withcorrelation coefficients ranging from 0.38 to 0.74 (P<0.05). Lines with 1Dx5+1Dy10 also performed significantly higher quantity of both HMW-GS and LMW-GS than those with alleles 1Dx2+1Dy12, while the effect of alleles at Glu-B3 locus on quantity of HMW-GS was insignificant, and that on quantity of LMW-GS varied among the populations. It would be efficient to select new line through backcross with quality parent as donor and high yield parent as recipient, by marker-assisted selection of Glu-D1d gene and 1B/1R translocation, in combination with field selection on agronomic parameters.