水稻生育期对籽粒产量及品质的影响

明确水稻生育期与产量、品质的关系，对水稻高产优质育种和合理栽培措施的制定，具有重要的意义。本文以晚粳宁111和春江302经遮光(短日照)处理后获得的不同生育期水稻植株为材料，分析其产量和米质指标。结果表明，生育期152 d以上时，对产量无显著影响，而生育期短于152 d时，产量与生育期间呈极显著正相关；成熟期群体干物质积累量随生育期变化的趋势与产量表现基本一致。不同稻米的长度、宽度、蛋白质含量以及淀粉消减值，均以中等偏短生育期(131~132 d)最小，大于或小于131~132 d，均会使上述指标值增加；两品种直链淀粉含量亦有相似的趋势，只是其最低值分别对应132和137 d的生育期；各处理稻米淀粉的崩解值变化与消减值趋势相反。对垩白粒率、垩白度及糊化温度，各处理均呈随生育期延长而降低的趋势；生育期变化对碾米品质影响总体上较小。

Effects of Growth Duration on Grain Yield and Quality in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

It is important to clear the relationships of growth duration with rice yield and quality in determining the breeding ob-jectives and cultivation strategies. In this paper, plants of japonica rice varieties Ning 111 and Chunjiang 302 with different growth durations resulted from short-day treatment were used to investigate the changes of yield and rice quality. The results showed that, the growth duration of more than 152 d had little effect on yield, but when less than 152 d, there was a significant positive correlation between growth duration and yield or dry matter accumulation; the smallest length and width of rice, as well as the lowest protein content and setback of amylum were observed in the treatments G2 or G3, which had moderate growth dura-tion of 131–132 d, the growth duration more than or less than 131–132 d would both increase the values of these rice quality indi-ces; amylose content also showed a similar trend, and the minimum value in two species all appeared in treatment G3 (132 d or 137 d), while for breakdown of amylum, the trend was just opposite. The percentage of chalky grains, chalkiness and gelatiniza-tion temperature in two varieties rose with shortening growth duration; the effects of growth duration on milling quality were gen-erally lower.