鲁麦14对山东新选育小麦品种的遗传贡献

为了解骨干亲本鲁麦14对山东新选育小麦品种的遗传贡献，对鲁麦14及其6个衍生品种(系)进行了全基因组SSR扫描分析。在350个SSR位点上共检测到662个等位变异，每个位点1~5个等位变异，平均1.9个, 位点平均多态性指数(PIC)为0.21。UPGMA聚类分析表明，济麦22和鲁麦14聚为一类、青丰系列4个品种(系)聚为一类，这两类形成一个大的分支，而济麦20与这些品种的关系较远。在所检测的350个位点中，与鲁麦14相同的位点数，济麦22有235个(67.1%), 济麦20有210个(60.0%), 青丰1号有229个(65.4%), 青农2号有247个(70.6%)。这些相同位点多数以一个大的染色体区段传递至子代，且有的区段在6个衍生品种(系)中共享，如5A的gwm304–barc360–gwm415–barc1区段和6D的barc196–gdm127–barc123区段等。济麦22在21条染色体上都有与鲁麦14相同的位点，但染色体间差异较大，相同位点比例超过70%的染色体有3A、4A、7A，2B、4B、7B、1D、3D和4D；相同位点比例最低的是3B，仅46%。同一连锁群上，位点之间多呈连续区段分布，大多与已发现的重要性状分布簇相吻合。因此认为，鲁麦14的优良遗传背景对济麦22有重要贡献。在育种实践中，除需关注重要基因的导入外，还应注意骨干材料主体背景的选择。

Genetic Contribution of Lumai 14 to Novel Wheat Varieties Developed in Shandong Province

Lumai 14 is a semi-dwarf high-yield wheat variety developed in the mid of 1980s,which is also a backbone parent of more than 40 wheat varieties released in China.This study aimed to understand the genetic contribution of Lumai 14 to its derivate varieties and lines at the genomic level.Using 350 SSR markers covering the whole wheat genome,the alleles of Lumai 14 were screened in six Lumai 14 derivants and Yannong 15(another parent of Qingfeng series).A total of 662 alleles were obtained on the 350 loci,and each locus had 1-5 alleles with an average of 1.9 alleles.The polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.21.In the UPGMA dendrogram,Jimai 22 and Lumai 14 were clustered together firstly,and further grouped with Qingfeng series.Jimai 20 showed relative large genetic distance to the backbone parent.The derivants of Lumai 14 shared common loci with their parents with percentages of 67.1%(235/350) for Jimai 22,60.0%(210/350) for Jimai 20,65.4%(229/350) for Qingfeng 1,and 70.6%(247/350) for Qingnong 2.Most of these loci were assembled on 21 chromosomes,and some of them,such as regions gwm304-barc360-gwm415-barc1 on chromosome 5A and barc196-gdm127-barc123 on chromosome 6D,were shared in six Lumai 14 derivants.In Jimai 22,alleles inherited from Lumai 14 varied among chromosomes,and chromosomes 3A,4A,7A,2B,4B,7B,1D,3D,and 4D contained more than 70% of Lumai 14 alleles,whereas chromosome 3B showed the lowest percentage of 46%.These alleles from Lumai 14 were mainly distributed in several regions on each chromosome,which proved to harbor genes/QTLs for important traits in QTL analysis and association analysis.Therefore,we conclude that the elite background of Lumai 14 contributed greatly to Jimai 22.In breeding practices,background selection should be highly considered besides the transmission of elite target genes.