粗山羊草抗小麦白粉病基因遗传多样性的研究

粗山羊草(Ae.tauschii(Coss.)Schmal.)是普通小麦(T.aestivum L.)抗性改良的宝贵遗传资源。本研究对来自伊朗、前苏联等8个国家和地区的78份粗山羊草进行了小麦白粉病(powderymildew)混合菌种苗期接种鉴定,表现免疫或近免疫的有45份,占57.69％;用一套白粉病菌菌株(共16个)对原产地不同的11份粗山羊草分别进行苗期接种鉴定,结果表明除Y168表现感染外,其它10份材料表现出各自不同的抗性反应,只有来自伊朗的Y219、Y221、Y225和来自的苏联的Ae37能抗所有16个菌株,而没有感染的毒性菌株,说明它们可能含有新的不同于15个已知Pm基因的抗性基因。利用完全双列杂交对原产地不同的5份粗山羊草进行了苗期抗白粉病基因的遗传分析,出现3种不同的抗性基因类型,来自伊朗的3份材料表现单显性(PmA)或双显性(PmA、PmB)2种类型,而来自前苏联的2份材料表现出不同于前两种类型的另一种单显性(PmB)类型。从而为增加普通小麦抗白粉病基因的遗传多样性奠定了基础。

Sdudies on the Genetic Diversity for Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes from Ae. tauschii

Aegilops tauschii (Coss.)Schmal. is the valuble genetic resource for improvement of resistance in hexaploid wheat(T. aestivum L.). Reaction of 78 accessions obtained from 8 different origins to mixed inoculation of powdery mildew indicated that 57. 69% were immune or nearly immune. 11 accessions were used for reaction to a set of 16 strains and showed that all 10 accessions were different resitant types except susceptible Y168. Among them, Y219, Y221 and Y225 from Iran, and Ae37 from former USSR were resistant to all 16 strains, which indicated that most likely they carried new powdery mildew resistance gene (s) different from 15 known Pm genes. 5 accessions were genetically analyzed for resistance to powdery mildew using diallel cross. It was identified that one dominant gene(PmA)or two dominant genes (PmA, PmB)in 3 accessions from Iran, and one dominant gene(PmB)different from the two former types in 2 accessions from former USSR. Because Ae. tauschii is the donor of the D genome of T. aestivum L. , this species can be readily exploided in improving genetic diversity for resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat.