新模式植物短柄草模式特性研究进展

短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)是一种广泛分布于温带地区的禾本科植物, 基因组小、染色体少、DNA重复序列少、植株较矮、生育期短、种子数量多, 与小麦族植物一样具有二倍体、四倍体和六倍体, 且不需要严格的生长条件和栽培措施, 是小麦等早熟禾谷类理想的模式植物。近几年来, 国际上对短柄草开展了较多研究, 而国内对短柄草的研究尚属空白。本文综述了短柄草细胞遗传学、分子生物学、基因组学、组织培养和遗传转化等方面的研究进展, 对今后的研究和应用趋势进行了简要展望, 以促进国内对短柄草模式特性, 以及小麦等植物结构基因组学和功能基因组学的研究。

Research Outline on Some Related Characteristics of Brachypodium distachyon as a New Model Plant Species

Brachypodium distachyon, a monocot grass plant and widely distributed in temperate areas, has been regarded as an new potential model plant species and studied extensively in recent years because of its smaller genome, less chromosomes, shorter plant height, rapid life cycle, higher seed yield, undemanding growth requirements, and different ploidies similar to Triticum including diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid. But, related research on this plant in domestic is just in initial stage. Cytogenetics, molecular genetics, genomics, mapping, tissue culture, and transformation of Brachypodium distachyon were reviewed in this paper, and its further investigation and application were briefly prospected at the same time in order to promote its study on the characteristics as model plant and benefit the structural and functional genomics research of some Pooideae species such as wheat and barley.