Moricandia arvensis 与甘蓝型油菜属间杂种的获得及其生物学特性研究

以C_3作物甘蓝型油菜作父本与野生C_3—C_4中间型植物Moricandia arvensis作有性杂交,经子房培养和胚性芽挽救,获得了4个属间杂种,经腋芽繁殖使杂种群体增至数百株。RFLP分析结果显示,杂种核DNA具有两个亲本的特征指纹,而其细胞质中仅含母本Moricandia arvensis的线粒体DNA指纹。杂种多具33条染色体,为双亲配子染色体数之和。虽然杂种植株在大多数形态特征上表现为双亲的中间类型,但在某些性状上明显趋向某一亲本。杂种植株的一般特征是半匍匐性,浅裂叶,开浅黄花。其以CO_2补偿点很高,为C_3类型。花粉母细胞减数分裂不正常,有多价体产生。杂种雌雄性皆不育。用秋水仙素将杂种加倍为双二倍体后,仍然雄性不育。对进一步向芸薹属作物基因组中导入C_3-C_4基因的技术途径进行了讨论。

Studies on Obtaining Intergeneric Hybrids of Moricandia arvensis ×Brassica napus and Their Biological Characteristics

Four intergeneric hybrids between C3-C4 intermediate wild Moricandia arvensis and C3-typed Brassica napus were obtained via ovary culture and the embryonic shoots rescue when M. arvensis was used as the female parents. The hybrid population was enlarged after axil lary shoots propagation in vitro. RFLP analysis showed that the nuclei DNA of the hybrid had fingerprint of both parents but the mitochondria DNA of the hybrid had only that of the maternal parent, M. arvensis. The somatic cells of the hybrid had 33 chromosomes as expected. Although the hybrid had morphologically intermediate characters between their parents on most traits, the hybrid was similar to one parent on some traits and tended to another parent on other traits. In general, the hybrid was semi-creepy with yellow flowers, and showed a C3 photosynthetic path way according to its CO2 compensation point. The meiosis of pollen mother cells of the hybrid was abnormal and multivalents were observed. The hybrid was sterile on both male and female sides. The amphidiploid derived from the hybrid was also male sterile. Further work on the in troduction of C3-C4 gene into the genome of Brassica crops was discussed.