中国大豆主产区不同年代大面积种植品种的遗传多样性分析

利用与大豆产量、品质、抗逆性、适应性等重要性状相关的125对SSR标记对中国大豆主产区东北和黄淮海地区自20世纪40年代以来大面积种植的89个大豆品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，自北向南大面积种植品种SSR标记的多态性呈逐渐升高的趋势，黑龙江北部、黑龙江中南部、吉林辽宁地区和黄淮海地区大面积种植品种标记的多态性信息含量(PIC)依次为0.414、0.469、0.522和0.562。除黑龙江北部以外，其余3个地区20世纪80年代以来大面积种植品种的多态性信息含量均比80年代以前种植的品种高。根据Nei和Li提出的遗传相似系数对供试品种进行聚类分析，发现除黄淮海北部地区的冀豆12外，东北和黄淮海地区大面积种植品种各自聚成一类，而在东北地区品种中，吉林辽宁和黑龙江地区的品种归属不同亚类，表明同一区域内大面积种植品种的同质化现象相当明显。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Widely-planted Soybean Varieties from Different Decades and Major Production Regions in China

The genetic diversity of widely-planted soybean varieties released after 1940s in Northeast China and Yellow-Huai-Hai Rivers Valley (YHH)were analyzed by 125 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, which were related to the important traits including yield, quality, stress tolerance and adaptability. The results showed that the average polymorphism information content (PIC) from north part of Heilongjiang province, south and middle parts of Heilongjiang province, Jilin and Liaoning provinces and Yellow-Huai-Hai Rivers Valley were 0.414, 0.469, 0.522, and 0.562, respectively. Except for the varieties from the north part of Heilongjiang province, the varieties released after 1980 in the other three regions had higher PIC than those released before 1980. Based on similarity proposed by Nei and Li, we classified the tested soybean varieties into three major groups by the cluster analysis, corresponding with the original places of the varieties. The varieties from the Northeast and YHH were classified into two major groups respectively, except for Jidou 12, a variety from northern YHH, which was classified into an independent group. In the Northeast, varieties of Heilongjiang were classified into one subgroup and those from Jilin and Liaoning provinces another subgroup, indicating that the widely-planted varieties from the same region were apparently homogenized.