利用A-PAGE研究谷子籽粒蛋白质多态性

研究谷子贮藏蛋白多态性对谷子品种选育和鉴定评价具有重要的意义。本文利用A-PAGE方法对来自不同生态区的24份谷子品种籽粒的水溶蛋白、盐溶蛋白、酸溶蛋白和醇溶蛋白的多态性进行了研究。结果发现，不同谷子品种之间籽粒水溶蛋白、酸溶蛋白谱带相似，基本没有差异；每个谷子品种的盐溶蛋白谱带有20多条，仅有4个品种出现多态性谱带，多态性也较低。说明谷子品种水溶蛋白、盐溶蛋白和酸溶蛋白A-PAGE谱带不适用于谷子鉴定研究。谷子醇溶蛋白谱带存在一定的异质性，每个品种有7~10条醇溶蛋白谱带，其中5条为公共条带，2~5条为多态性谱带，醇溶蛋白A-PAGE谱带可以作为谷子品种鉴定评价的依据。结果说明，和玉米、小麦等禾谷类作物相比，不同生态区谷子栽培品种蛋白质变异较小，遗传背景变化较小，因此需要不断丰富谷子品种的遗传基础，为谷子品种选育提供更加丰富的材料。

Polymorphism Analysis of Seed Storage Proteins in Foxtail Millet(Setaria italica L.Beauv.)with A-PAGE

The polymorphism of water-soluble protein, salt-soluble protein, acid-soluble protein and prolamin was analyzed by A-PAGE in 24 foxtail millet varieties from different ecological zones. The results revealed that the banding patterns of the water-soluble protein in different millet varieties were similar to those of the acid-soluble protein. There existed over twenty bands of the salt-soluble protein in each millet variety, and only four varieties contained polymorphic bands, showing that bands of the water-soluble protein, the salt-soluble protein and the acid-soluble protein obtained by A-PAGE are not available to use in millet varieties identification. There existed a certain degree of heterogeneity in millet prolamin bands. Seven to ten prolamin bands appeared in tested varieties, five of which were the common ones, two to five of which were polymorphic, so prolamin patterns of millet varieties can be used in variety identification and evaluation. The results showed that there was less variance for proteins in tested millet varieties from different ecological zones compared with other major cereal crops like wheat and corn, which implies that only a limited heterogeneity in the genetic background of millet varieties. Therefore, it is very important to enrich the genetic basis of millet genetic stocks to develop elite varieties.