1983-2010年北京市大豆育成品种的亲缘关系分析

追溯北京市1983—2010年90个大豆品种的系谱信息，计算其亲本间及品种组合间亲缘系数(coefficient of parentage，COP)并据此聚类，旨在探讨北京市育成大豆品种的遗传多样性特点。结果表明，19个品种的父母本间存在亲缘关系，占品种总数的21.11%；90个品种间共组成4005个组合，其中63.62%存在亲缘关系，COP平均值为0.031，表明大部分品种亲缘关系相对较远。随着时间的推移，品种间亲缘系数呈下降趋势，但从2005年至2010年亲缘系数值增大。除12个品种各自独为一类外，其余78个品种被聚成10类，从中可见不同年代的育种特征和品种的演化过程；中品661等9份种质对北京市大豆品种贡献较大，是骨干亲本。北京市品种总体的遗传背景丰富，但随年代推移，遗传多样性有逐渐降低趋势。

Analysis of Parental Relationship for Soybean Cultivars Released from 1983 to 2010 in Beijing

To explore the relationship and genetic diversity of soybean cultivars in Beijing and provide theoretical guidance for soybean breeding, we traced the pedigree information of 90 soybean cultivars released from 1983 to 2010 and calculated the coefficients of parentage (COP) between the parents and between cross combinations. The results showed that 19 of 90 cultivars had relationships in their parents. A total of 4005 cross combinations were made with 90 varieties, and 63.62% of the combinations shared parental relationship, but their average COP value was only 0.031, showing that there existed abundant genetic diversity because there were not close relationship among most cultivars; COP value between cultivars reduced in the process of time, but increased from 2005 to 2010. Cluster analysis suggested that 78 cultivars could be divided into 10 groups, showing characters of cultivars of different times and evolution of cultivars. Nine varieties were found to be core parents. In general, the genetic basis of soybean cultivars in Beijing was abundant but genetic diversity became narrower in the process of time.