籼型血缘对籼粳稻杂交后代产量和加工及外观品质的影响

针对20世纪80年代以来特别是进入新世纪我国东北水稻大多通过籼粳稻杂交育成的实际情况,为了明确籼型血缘对东北水稻产量和品质的影响,以Sasanishiki(粳稻)/Habataki(籼稻)//Sasanishiki///Sasanishiki构建的回交重组自交系群体(BILs) 85个株系为试材,分别在辽宁沈阳、吉林长春和黑龙江哈尔滨种植,以籼型频率(Fi)即来自籼型亲本分子标记比例为指标,分析了籼型血缘与产量和品质的关系。结果表明, BILs群体在辽宁、吉林和黑龙江能够正常成熟,株系数和Fi平均值有自南向北逐渐降低的趋势,三地生物产量、经济系数和经济产量差异均未达到显著水平(黑龙江生物产量和经济系数缺失);穗数在辽宁、吉林在黑龙江,每穗粒数在黑龙江在吉林在辽宁;糙米率在黑龙江显著高于辽宁,而在吉林与辽宁和黑龙江差异不显著;精米率和整精米率在辽宁、吉林在黑龙江,垩白粒率和垩白度在辽宁在吉林在黑龙江,三地粒长、粒宽和长宽比均无显著差异。总体上Fi与千粒重、经济产量、经济系数、糙米率和粒宽呈极显著负相关,与长宽比呈极显著正相关;三地Fi与产量及其构成因素的相关性与总体相似,只是在黑龙江大多没有达到显著水平;在辽宁和吉林Fi与粒宽呈显著负相关,而只有在辽宁Fi与长宽比的正相关达到显著水平。在本试验条件下,控制籼型频率在10%左右可能有利于实现籼粳亚种有利基因互补,促进东北粳稻产量和品质在更高水平上统一起来。

Effect of indica pedigree on yield and milling and appearance qualities in the offspring of indica/japonica cross

Most of the rice cultivars in Northeast China has been released by crossing indica rice since the 1980s, especially in the new century. In order to clarify the influence of indica pedigree on the yield and quality of rice in northeastern China, 85 BILs derived from Sasanishiki (japonica)/Habataki (indica)//Sasanishiki///Sasanishiki were planted in Shenyang of Liaoning, Changchun of Jilin, and Harbin of Heilongjiang. The indica frequency (Fi) we defined is a ratio of indica type marker to all markers in order to analyses the relationships between yield traits and quality traits. The normal mature plant coefficients and Fi average values in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang gradually decreased from south to north, and the differences in biological yield, economic coefficient and economic yield were not significant (Biological yield and economic coefficient in Heilongjiang were missing). The spike number in Liaoning and Jilin were higher than that in Heilongjiang. The number of grains per panicle showed a trend in Heilongjiang>in Jilin>in Liaoning. The brown rice in Heilongjiang was significantly higher than that in Liaoning and the brown rice in Jilin was no significant difference compared with that in Liaoning and Heilongjiang. The milled rice rate and head rice rate were higher in Liaoning and Jilin than those in Heilongjiang. The chalkiness rice rate and chalkiness level showed trends in Liaoning>in Jilin>in Heilongjiang. The grain length, grain width and aspect ratio were not significantly different among the three areas. There were significantly negative correlations of Fi with 1000-grain weight, economic yield, economic coefficient, brown rice rate and grain width, and a significantly positive correlation with aspect ratio. The correlations between Fi and yield and its components were similar to those in the overall situation, but most parameters in Heilongjiang did not reach a significant level. There were a significantly negative correlation between Fi and grain width in Liaoning and Jilin, and only a significantly positive correlation between Fi and aspect ratio in Liaoning. Under the conditions of this experiment, controlling Fi at about 10% could be beneficial to complement each other of elite alleles from two subspecies, promote the japonica production into a higher level in Northeast China.