70份国外小麦品种(系)的苗期和成株期抗叶锈病鉴定

小麦叶锈病是小麦生产中的重要病害之一,培育持久抗病品种是最经济、有效和环保的方法。本研究用19个不同毒力的叶锈菌小种苗期接种70份国外引进小麦品种(系)及36个已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品种进行抗性鉴定,同时在2016—2017年度分别于河北保定和河南周口对70份国外引进品种进行田间抗叶锈性鉴定。为进一步检测材料中所携带的苗期和成株抗叶锈病基因,利用12个与已知基因紧密连锁的分子标记进行检测,综合基因推导、系谱分析和分子标记检测的结果,在33份材料中鉴定出15个抗叶锈病基因,包括Lr1、Lr2a、Lr26、Lr3ka、Lr11、Lr17、Lr30、Lr10、Lr14a、Lr2b、Lr13、Lr15、Lr21、Lr44和Lr45,田间鉴定筛选出39份品种表现慢锈性。苗期和田间表现表明,国外品种中含有丰富的对我国叶锈菌小种有效的苗期和成株期抗叶锈病基因,可作为小麦抗叶锈病抗源在抗病育种中加以利用。

Seedling and slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in 70 introduced wheat lines

Leaf rust is one of the most important wheat diseases which has a great influence on yield. Breeding cultivars for durable resistance can effectively and economically control the disease. In this study, seventy introduced wheat varieties, including susceptible control Zhengzhou 5389 and thirty-six donor lines, were inoculated with 19 Chinese pathotypes of Puccinia triticina for leaf rust resistance genes postulation at seedling stage, and to detect APR genes at adult plant stage during the 2016-2017 cropping seasons in Zhoukou of Henan province and Baoding of Hebei province. Zhengzhou 5389 and Saar lines as a susceptible and resistance control, respectively, and thirty-six tester lines with known Lr genes were also used in the present study. Based on the results of gene postulation, marker-assisted detection and pedigree analysis, fifteen Lr genes, including Lr1, Lr2a, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr2b, Lr13, Lr15, Lr21, Lr44, and Lr45, were identified among the tested cultivars. Wheat cultivars with the identified resistance genes in the present study can be used for breeding resistant cultivars of wheat leaf rust in China.