甘蓝型油菜角果长度的主+多基因混合遗传模型

角果是油菜产量构成要素中重要的组成部分。本文以长角果品种中双11和短角果材料10D130为亲本配制杂交组合，采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对该组合6世代遗传群体(P₁、P₂、F₁、BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂)的果身长、角果长和果喙长进行遗传分析。结果表明，该组合的3个角果性状均呈连续分布，其中，果身长最适遗传模型为E-0 (2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型)，2对主基因加性效应值分别是1.75和–0.06，显性效应值分别是–0.59和–0.86，主基因遗传率在BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂中分别是51.10%、74.23%和66.93%，多基因遗传率分别为29.16%、17.11%和23.96%。角果长的最适遗传模型为E-1 (2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型)，其中，第1对主基因加性效应为0.34，显性效应为–0.81，第2对主基因加性效应为0.34，显性效应为–0.47，主基因遗传率在BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂中分别是47.63%、68.51%和79.45%，多基因遗传率分别为29.40%、20.89%和12.47%。果喙长的最适遗传模型为E-3模型(2对加性主基因+加-显多基因遗传模型)，2对主基因加性效应值分别是0.2和–0.2，主基因遗传率在BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂中分别是33.71%、72.75%和52.25%，多基因遗传率分别为40.08%、5.37%和27.60%。

Genetic Analysis of Silique Length Using Mixture Model of Major Gene Plus Polygene in Brassica napus L.

Silique is one of major components for rapeseed yield. Inheritance of silique body length (SBL), valid silique length (VSL) and beak length (BL) in a cross of variety Zhongshuang 11 with long silique (P₁) and line 10D130 with short silique (P₂) was investigated by the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The results showed that SBL, VSL and BL in the populations of F₂, BCP₁, and BCP₂ were controlled by the major gene and polygenes. The SBL were dominated by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects (E-0 model). The heritability values of the major genes of SBL in BCP₁, BCP₂, and F₂ were estimated as 51.10%, 74.23%, and 66.93%, respectively, and the heritability values of the polygene were 29.16%, 17.11%, and 23.96%, respectively. The additive effects of two major genes of SBL were 1.75 and –0.06, and the dominant effects of two major genes were –0.59 and –0.86, respectively. The valid silique length was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects (E-1 model). Heritability values of the major genes for SL in BCP₁, BCP₂, and F₂ generations were estimated as 47.63%, 68.51%, and 79.45%, respectively, and the heritability values of the polygene were 29.40%, 20.89%, and 12.47%, respectively. The additive effects of two major genes were equal (0.34) to there of the cross, but the dominant effects of the two major genes were –0.81 and –0.47, respectively. The beak length was dominated by two major gene with additive effects plus polygenes with additive- dominance effects (E-3 model). Heritability values of the major genes of BL in the cross were 33.71%, 72.75%, and 52.25%, respectively, and the heritability values of the polygene were 40.08%, 5.37%, and 27.60%, respectively. The additive effects of two major genes were 0.20 and –0.20, respectively.