杂草稻的特性及其危害与防治研究进展

杂草稻(Oryzasativaf.spontanea)泛指具有杂草特性的水稻,是稻田中的恶性杂草之一,在生产中可严重危害栻培稻的产量和品质。本文从杂草稻的形态特性、落粒性、休眠性、耐逆性等斱面概述其生物学特征。简要阐述了杂草稻起源于栻培稻的去驯化过程,分布范围涵盖世界稻作生产区,在我国杂草稻的发生分布不均,以江苏中南部以及广东的湛江等地最为严重。迚一步分析了由于杂草稻导致对稻米产量、稻米品质以及稻田生态环境造成的影响和危害,幵提出了杂草稻的综合防控与治理措施,包括预防控制、合理耕作、科学使用化学除草剂等斱式,以便有效地控制杂草稻的发生与传播。

Research advances on characteristics,damage and control measures of weedy rice

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) presumably originated from rice but has weedy characteristics. It is one of the malignant weeds in rice field that decreases rice production and grain quality severely. In this study, the biological characteristics of weedy rice were described from morphology, shattering, dormancy and stress tolerance. The process of weedy rice origination from de-domestication of cultivated rice was summarized briefly. We also introduced the worldwide distribution of weedy rice as well as its non-uniform distribution in China with the most severe occurrence in middle-south area of Jiangsu province and Zhanjiang of Guangzhou province. In addition, we analyzed the agricultural damage on rice yield, rice quality and paddy field ecology environment by weedy rice. To control the occurrence and spread of weedy rice, we further proposed comprehensive measures, including prevention and controlling measures, reasonable cultivation system, and scientific use of chemical herbicides.