不同栽培方式对长江下游棉田资源利用效率的影响

我国农业对自然环境依赖性强,农业生产环境相对恶劣、资源利用效率低下,作物栽培理论与技术需要不断创新和完善。为建立与当前生产模式相匹配的作物高产高效栽培管理方式,选用棉花品种泗杂3号,于2012—2013年在长江下游棉区(江苏大丰)不同地力水平田块(高、低)进行麦棉两熟栽培管理方式定位试验,设超高产栽培、常规栽培和高产高效栽培,系统测定棉花生物量、产量和生育期间的温光、氮肥资源利用效率。结果表明,栽培方式和地力水平显著影响棉花产量,而产量的差异主要由温光、氮肥资源利用效率的差异造成。棉花产量提高的限制因子是低下的资源利用效率。高产高效栽培较常规栽培产量提高27.5%,温光资源利用效率分别提高27.7%、23.4%、氮肥偏生产力提高10.1%,是长江下游较为适宜的栽培方式。因此未来生产中应进一步合理优化栽培方式来提高棉田资源利用效率,以达到高产高效的目标。

Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns on Cotton Field Resources Use Efficiency in Yangtze River Valley

The agricultural production in China is mainly dependent on nature environment. But the use efficiency of field resources in China is lower than those in developed countries, and the current crop cultivation theory and technology need to be innovated and improved continuously. The efficiency field stationary experiments using cotton cultivate Siza 3 with different cultivation patterns were carried out in high and low soil fertility levels in Dafeng, Jiangsu province. The cultivation patterns included super high cultivation patterns (SH), farmers practice cultivation (FP), high yield and high efficiency cultivation (HH). The result showed that lint yield of cotton was significantly affected by cultivation patterns and soil fertility levels. Lint yield difference was correlated with the differences of temperature production efficiency (TPE), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPEP) under different cultivation patterns. Our results suggested that the key factor limited cotton production is the lower resources use efficiency. The lint yield, temperature and radiation use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of HH were 27.5%, 27.7%, 23.4%, and 10.1% higher than there of FP. Therefore, HH should be encouraged to extend in the Yangtze River Valley, and field resources use efficiency in wheat-cotton double cropping system should be further improved in the future for increasing cotton productivity.