甜菜下胚轴颜色选择对后代品系及杂交组合的影响

为探讨甜菜幼苗下胚轴颜色与其他诸性状的相关关系，于1988—2003年对若干甜菜四倍体及二倍体多胚品系进行了4~6代幼苗下胚轴颜色的分离纯化选择、品系与原亲本比较、以红绿胚轴品系为亲本配制正反交组合等系列鉴定试验。结果表明，该选择方法对二倍体品系效果不明显，而四倍体后代品系与下胚轴颜色的联应F值达5%显著水平，红绿胚轴品系间的产、质量差异较大、互有高低，根产量相差20%以上，含糖率相差1%以上。绿胚轴品系含糖率大多数高于红胚轴品系，绿胚轴品系K、Na含量低于红胚轴品系，且大多达到1%或5%显著水准，而有害性氮含量则相反；红胚轴品系的株高、叶长、叶宽大于绿胚轴品系。利用四倍体和二倍体的红绿胚轴品系为亲本相互配制的杂交组合其产、质量存在显著差异。甜菜幼苗下胚轴颜色选择可以作为创新甜菜种质与品种选育的新方法，将下胚轴颜色作为品种的标记性状也很适用。

Effect of Hypocotyl Color Selection of Sugar Beet on Generation and Crosses

In order to understand the correlation between the hypocotyl color and other traits of sugar beet, the series identification experiments were conducted from 1988 to 2003, including the separation and purification of lines with different hypocotyl colors, comparing with original parents, and test of yield from the triploid direct and reciprocal crosses with red and green hypocotyls using tetraploid and diploid multigerm sugar beet lines from four to six generations. The result showed that after selecting the hypocotyl colors to separate sugar beet seedlings, there was no significant difference among diploid lines, but the yield and quality between red and green hypocotyl tetraploid lines varied greatly. The differences of root yield and sugar content between lines with red and green hypocotyl were more than 20% and 1%, respectively; the significant differences between the lines with hypocotyl colors were at 5 % prolability level. K, Na contents of the lines with green hypocotyls were lower than those with red ones, but the insalubrious N content of these with red ones significantly lower than those with green ones at 1% or 5 % probability level. The plant height, leaf length and width of these with red ones were higher and larger than those of green ones. There was great difference in the yield and the quality of the crosses from tetraploid and diploid lines with red and green hypocotyls. In conclusion, the selection method of hypocotyl color of sugar beet seedlinsg will be a new breeding method to develop cuhivars and germplasms, and the hypocotyl color can be also used as a mark character.